TEDxStockholm
Greta Thunberg: The disarming case to act right now on climate change
葛蕾塔．桑柏格: 別再遲疑，現在就對氣候變遷採取行動
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十六歲的氣候活動主義者葛蕾塔．桑柏格在這場熱情的演說中呼籲大家採取行動，並解釋為什麼在 2018 年 8 月，她決定走出學校，組織一場罷課，來提升大家對全球暖化的意識，在瑞典國會外面抗議，引起世界注意。「氣候危機已經被解決了。我們已經有了所有的事實和解決方案。」桑柏格說：「我們缺的只是要醒過來、做出改變。」
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
When I was about eight years old,
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在我大約八歲時，
00:16
I first heard about something
called climate change or global warming.
called climate change or global warming.
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我第一次聽到所謂的
氣候變遷或全球暖化。
氣候變遷或全球暖化。
00:21
Apparently, that was something
humans have created by our way of living.
humans have created by our way of living.
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很顯然，成因是人類的生活方式。
00:27
I was told to turn off
the lights to save energy
the lights to save energy
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我被告知要隨手關燈以節省能源，
00:31
and to recycle paper to save resources.
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並要回收紙類以節省資源。
00:36
I remember thinking
that it was very strange
that it was very strange
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我記得當時我覺得這好奇怪，
00:39
that humans, who are
an animal species among others,
an animal species among others,
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人類作為許多動物物種之一，
00:43
could be capable of changing
the Earth's climate.
the Earth's climate.
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卻有能力改變地球的氣候。
00:48
Because if we were,
and if it was really happening,
and if it was really happening,
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因為如果我們能做到，
如果這種事真的在發生，
如果這種事真的在發生，
00:51
we wouldn't be talking
about anything else.
about anything else.
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我們就不會去談其他事情了。
00:55
As soon as you'd turn on the TV,
everything would be about that.
everything would be about that.
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一打開電視看到的應該
通通都是相關節目。
通通都是相關節目。
01:00
Headlines, radio, newspapers,
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頭條、廣播、報紙，
01:03
you would never read or hear
about anything else,
about anything else,
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你不應該會讀到、聽到其他事，
01:07
as if there was a world war going on.
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就好像有場世界大戰正在發生。
01:10
But no one ever talked about it.
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但，都沒有人在談這件事。
01:14
If burning fossil fuels was so bad
that it threatened our very existence,
that it threatened our very existence,
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如果燃燒化石燃料這麼不好，
以至於威脅到我們的生存，
01:20
how could we just continue like before?
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我們怎能持續以前的做法？
01:24
Why were there no restrictions?
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為什麼沒有限制？
01:27
Why wasn't it made illegal?
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為什麼沒有把它歸為非法行為？
01:30
To me, that did not add up.
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對我來說，這實在不合理。
01:34
It was too unreal.
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太不真實了。
01:38
So when I was 11, I became ill.
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十一歲時，我生病了。
01:41
I fell into depression,
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我陷入憂鬱，
01:43
I stopped talking,
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我不再說話了，
01:44
and I stopped eating.
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也不吃東西了。
01:47
In two months, I lost
about 10 kilos of weight.
about 10 kilos of weight.
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兩個月裡我瘦掉了十公斤。
01:52
Later on, I was diagnosed
with Asperger syndrome,
with Asperger syndrome,
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後來，我被診斷出阿斯伯格綜合症、
01:56
OCD and selective mutism.
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強迫症，以及選擇性緘默症。
02:00
That basically means I only speak
when I think it's necessary -
when I think it's necessary -
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基本上，意思就是說，
只有在我認為必要時才會說話——
只有在我認為必要時才會說話——
02:03
now is one of those moments.
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像現在就是必要的時刻之一。
02:05
(Applause)
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（笑聲）（掌聲）
02:15
For those of us who are on the spectrum,
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對於我們這些在自閉症中
成長的人來說，
成長的人來說，
02:18
almost everything is black or white.
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幾乎一切都是非黑即白。
02:21
We aren't very good at lying,
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我們不太擅長說謊，
02:23
and we usually don't enjoy
participating in this social game
participating in this social game
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我們通常不太享受參與社交活動，
雖然在座的各位似乎樂在其中。
02:26
that the rest of you seem so fond of.
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（笑聲）
02:29
(Laughter)
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02:30
I think in many ways
that we autistic are the normal ones,
that we autistic are the normal ones,
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我想，在許多層面上，
我們這些自閉症患者才是正常的，
我們這些自閉症患者才是正常的，
02:34
and the rest of the people
are pretty strange,
are pretty strange,
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其他人都十分奇怪，
（笑聲）
02:36
(Laughter)
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02:37
especially when it comes to
the sustainability crisis,
the sustainability crisis,
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特別是在永續性危機的這個議題上，
02:40
where everyone keeps saying
climate change is an existential threat
climate change is an existential threat
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大家都一直在說
氣候變遷是持續存在的威脅，
氣候變遷是持續存在的威脅，
02:44
and the most important issue of all,
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且是議題中最最重要的，
02:47
and yet they just carry on like before.
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但他們還是一切照舊。
02:51
I don't understand that,
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我不理解，
02:53
because if the emissions have to stop,
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因為如果排放必須要停止，
02:56
then we must stop the emissions.
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那我們就必須要停止排放。
02:59
To me that is black or white.
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對我來說，那就是非黑即白。
03:01
There are no gray areas
when it comes to survival.
when it comes to survival.
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牽涉到生存時，就沒有灰色地帶。
03:04
Either we go on
as a civilization or we don't.
as a civilization or we don't.
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我們的文明若不是延續下去，
就是無法延續。
就是無法延續。
03:08
We have to change.
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我們必須要改變。
03:12
Rich countries like Sweden
need to start reducing emissions
need to start reducing emissions
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富有的國家，像瑞典，
必須要開始減少排放，
必須要開始減少排放，
03:15
by at least 15 percent every year.
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每年至少減少 15%。
03:20
And that is so that we can stay
below a two-degree warming target.
below a two-degree warming target.
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這樣我們才能維持在
兩度的暖化目標之內。
兩度的暖化目標之內。
03:24
Yet, as the IPCC
have recently demonstrated,
have recently demonstrated,
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但，政府間氣候變化
專門委員會近期指出，
專門委員會近期指出，
03:29
aiming instead for 1.5 degrees Celsius
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若把目標改設為攝氏 1.5 度，
03:32
would significantly
reduce the climate impacts.
reduce the climate impacts.
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就能大大降低氣候的衝擊。
03:35
But we can only imagine
what that means for reducing emissions.
what that means for reducing emissions.
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但我們只能想像那對於
減少排放的意義是什麼。
減少排放的意義是什麼。
03:40
You would think the media
and every one of our leaders
and every one of our leaders
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你會以為，媒體和每一位領導人
03:43
would be talking about nothing else,
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都應該不談別的只談這個議題，
03:45
but they never even mention it.
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但他們甚至從來沒有提到它。
03:49
Nor does anyone ever mention
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也沒有任何人在談
03:50
the greenhouse gases
already locked in the system.
already locked in the system.
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已經困在系統中的溫室氣體。
03:54
Nor that air pollution is hiding a warming
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也沒人提到空氣污染掩飾了暖化，
03:57
so that when we stop burning fossil fuels,
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導致當我們停止燃燒化石燃料時，
04:00
we already have an extra level of warming
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暖化現象其實已經又上升了一些，
04:02
perhaps as high as
0.5 to 1.1 degrees Celsius.
0.5 to 1.1 degrees Celsius.
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也許高達攝氏 0.5~1.1 度。
04:09
Furthermore does hardly
anyone speak about the fact
anyone speak about the fact
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此外，也幾乎沒人會談到
04:11
that we are in the midst
of the sixth mass extinction,
of the sixth mass extinction,
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我們正處在第六次大滅絕中，
04:15
with up to 200 species
going extinct every single day,
going extinct every single day,
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每一天就有高達
兩百種物種面臨絕種，
兩百種物種面臨絕種，
04:22
that the extinction rate today
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現今的絕種率
04:25
is between 1,000 and 10,000 times higher
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比起正常值高了一千到一萬倍。
04:29
than what is seen as normal.
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04:34
Nor does hardly anyone ever speak about
the aspect of equity or climate justice,
the aspect of equity or climate justice,
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也幾乎沒有人在談平等
或是氣候正義的面向，
或是氣候正義的面向，
04:40
clearly stated everywhere
in the Paris Agreement,
in the Paris Agreement,
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這些在巴黎協定中都有清楚的陳述，
04:43
which is absolutely necessary
to make it work on a global scale.
to make it work on a global scale.
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有絕對的必要在全球範圍內實施。
04:49
That means that rich countries
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那就表示，富有的國家
04:51
need to get down to zero emissions
within 6 to 12 years,
within 6 to 12 years,
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必須要在六到十二年間做到零排放，
04:56
with today's emission speed.
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這是依現今的排放速度算出的數據。
05:00
And that is so that people
in poorer countries
in poorer countries
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如此以來，在較貧窮國家的人
05:02
can have a chance to heighten
their standard of living
their standard of living
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就能有機會提高他們的生活水準，
05:04
by building some of the infrastructure
that we have already built,
that we have already built,
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讓他們可以建立一部分
我們都已經擁有的基礎建設，
我們都已經擁有的基礎建設，
05:08
such as roads, schools, hospitals,
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像道路、學校、醫院、
05:11
clean drinking water,
electricity, and so on.
electricity, and so on.
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乾淨飲用水、電力等等。
05:15
Because how can we expect
countries like India or Nigeria
countries like India or Nigeria
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因為，我們怎麼能期望像印度
或奈及利亞這類的國家
或奈及利亞這類的國家
05:20
to care about the climate crisis
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關注氣候危機呢？
05:22
if we who already have everything
don't care even a second about it
don't care even a second about it
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如果我們這些已經擁有一切的人
也都不花時間在乎氣候危機
也都不花時間在乎氣候危機
05:27
or our actual commitments
to the Paris Agreement?
to the Paris Agreement?
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或是我們對於巴黎協定的承諾呢？
05:32
So, why are we not reducing our emissions?
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所以，我們為什麼
不減少我們的排放？
不減少我們的排放？
05:37
Why are they in fact still increasing?
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為什麼實際上排放反而還在增加？
05:41
Are we knowingly causing
a mass extinction?
a mass extinction?
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我們是否在故意製造大滅絕？
05:45
Are we evil?
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我們很邪惡嗎？
05:49
No, of course not.
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不，當然不是。
05:51
People keep doing what they do
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大家持續現在的做法
05:53
because the vast majority
doesn't have a clue
doesn't have a clue
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是因為絕大多數人完全沒頭緒，
05:55
about the actual consequences
of our everyday life,
of our everyday life,
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不知道我們的日常生活
會造成什麼後果，
會造成什麼後果，
06:00
and they don't know
that rapid change is required.
that rapid change is required.
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也不知道我們需要盡快做出改變。
06:04
We all think we know,
and we all think everybody knows,
and we all think everybody knows,
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我們都認為我們知道，
我們都認為大家知道，
我們都認為大家知道，
06:08
but we don't.
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但事實上我們並不知道。
06:10
Because how could we?
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因為，我們怎麼可能知道？
06:14
If there really was a crisis,
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如果真的有危機，
06:16
and if this crisis was caused
by our emissions,
by our emissions,
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且如果這個危機
是由我們的排放所造成，
是由我們的排放所造成，
06:20
you would at least see some signs.
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人們至少應該看到某些徵兆吧？
06:23
Not just flooded cities,
tens of thousands of dead people,
tens of thousands of dead people,
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不只是城市被淹沒，數萬人死亡，
06:27
and whole nations leveled
to piles of torn down buildings.
to piles of torn down buildings.
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還有整個國家被移平，
建築全數損毀。
建築全數損毀。
06:31
You would see some restrictions.
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也至少應該看到一些限制吧？
06:34
But no.
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但並沒有。
06:36
And no one talks about it.
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且沒有人在談這件事。
06:40
There are no emergency meetings,
no headlines, no breaking news.
no headlines, no breaking news.
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沒有緊急會議，沒有頭條，
沒有新聞快訊。
06:46
No one is acting
as if we were in a crisis.
as if we were in a crisis.
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沒有人的行為像是
危機中的人該有的行為。
危機中的人該有的行為。
06:50
Even most climate scientists
or green politicians
or green politicians
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甚至大部分的氣候科學家
或綠色政治家
或綠色政治家
06:54
keep on flying around the world,
eating meat and dairy.
eating meat and dairy.
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也都飛到世界各地，
吃肉類和乳製品。
吃肉類和乳製品。
07:02
If I live to be 100,
I will be alive in the year 2103.
I will be alive in the year 2103.
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如果我活到一百歲，
我會活到 2103 年。
我會活到 2103 年。
07:09
When you think about the future today,
you don't think beyond the year 2050.
you don't think beyond the year 2050.
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現在我們所想的未來
不會超過 2050 年。
不會超過 2050 年。
07:16
By then, I will, in the best case,
not even have lived half of my life.
not even have lived half of my life.
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到時，最好的情況是，
我的人生還沒過一半。
我的人生還沒過一半。
07:22
What happens next?
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接下來會發生什麼事？
07:25
The year 2078, I will celebrate
my 75th birthday.
my 75th birthday.
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2078 年，我會慶祝 75 歲的生日。
07:32
If I have children or grandchildren,
maybe they will spend that day with me.
maybe they will spend that day with me.
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如果我有孩子和孫子，
也許他們會和我共度那一天。
也許他們會和我共度那一天。
07:38
Maybe they will ask me about you,
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也許他們會向我問起你們，
07:41
the people who were around, back in 2018.
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那些活在 2018 年左右的人。
07:46
Maybe they will ask
why you didn't do anything
why you didn't do anything
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也許他們會向我質問，
為什麼你們不在還有時間
採取行動時做點什麼？
採取行動時做點什麼？
07:49
while there still was time to act.
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07:53
What we do or don't do right now
will affect my entire life
will affect my entire life
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我們現在的作為與不作為，
將會影響我的一生，
將會影響我的一生，
07:58
and the lives of my children
and grandchildren.
and grandchildren.
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以及我的孩子、我的孫子的人生。
08:01
What we do or don't do right now,
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我們現在的作為和不作為，
08:04
me and my generation
can't undo in the future.
can't undo in the future.
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我和我的後代在未來無法還原。
08:12
So when school
started in August of this year,
started in August of this year,
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所以，今年八月，學校開學時，
08:15
I decided that this was enough.
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我決定，我受夠了。
08:18
I set myself down on the ground
outside the Swedish parliament.
outside the Swedish parliament.
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我自己坐在瑞士國會外面的地上。
08:22
I school striked for the climate.
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我為了氣候而罷課。
08:26
Some people say that I
should be in school instead.
should be in school instead.
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有些人說，我該去上學才對。
08:30
Some people say that I should study
to become a climate scientist
to become a climate scientist
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有些人說，我應該
好好讀書成為氣候科學家，
好好讀書成為氣候科學家，
08:33
so that I can "solve the climate crisis."
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這樣我就能去「解決氣候危機」。
08:38
But the climate crisis
has already been solved.
has already been solved.
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但，氣候危機已經被解決了。
08:42
We already have
all the facts and solutions.
all the facts and solutions.
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我們已經有了所有的
事實和解決方案。
事實和解決方案。
08:45
All we have to do is
to wake up and change.
to wake up and change.
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我們必須做的只是要
醒過來、做出改變。
醒過來、做出改變。
08:50
And why should I be studying for a future
that soon will be no more
that soon will be no more
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且，當大家都不採取行動
來拯救未來時，
來拯救未來時，
08:54
when no one is doing anything
whatsoever to save that future?
whatsoever to save that future?
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我為什麼要為一個很快就會
不復存在的未來而讀書？
不復存在的未來而讀書？
08:59
And what is the point of learning facts
in the school system
in the school system
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且這樣做有什麼意義呢？
在學校體系中學習一些事實，
在學校體系中學習一些事實，
09:03
when the most important facts
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但其實大部分的重要事實，
09:05
given by the finest science
of that same school system
of that same school system
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由同樣學校體系中
最好的科學所提供的事實，
最好的科學所提供的事實，
09:09
clearly means nothing
to our politicians and our society.
to our politicians and our society.
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很顯然對我們的政治家
和我們的社會都沒有任何意義？
和我們的社會都沒有任何意義？
09:15
Some people say that Sweden
is just a small country,
is just a small country,
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有人說，瑞典只是個小國家，
09:18
and that it doesn't matter what we do,
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我們做什麼並不重要，
09:21
but I think that if a few children
can get headlines all over the world
can get headlines all over the world
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但我認為，如果有少數幾個孩子
能夠上全世界的頭條，
能夠上全世界的頭條，
09:26
just by not coming to school
for a few weeks,
for a few weeks,
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只透過幾週不上學就能做到，
09:29
imagine what we could all do
together if you wanted to.
together if you wanted to.
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那麼，想像一下如果我們全部
願意同心協力，會有多強大？
願意同心協力，會有多強大？
09:32
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
09:36
Now we're almost at the end of my talk,
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我的演說已臨近尾聲，
09:41
and this is where people
usually start talking about hope,
usually start talking about hope,
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在這時候，講者通常會開始談希望，
09:46
solar panels, wind power,
circular economy, and so on,
circular economy, and so on,
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談太陽能板、風力發電、
循環經濟等等，
循環經濟等等，
09:52
but I'm not going to do that.
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但我不打算那麼做。
09:54
We've had 30 years of pep-talking
and selling positive ideas.
and selling positive ideas.
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我們已經花了三十年鼓舞士氣，
傳播積極樂觀的想法。
傳播積極樂觀的想法。
09:59
And I'm sorry,
but it doesn't work.
but it doesn't work.
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但很抱歉，那行不通。
10:02
Because if it would have,
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因為如果行得通，
10:04
the emissions would have gone down by now.
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現在的排放量就早已降低了。
10:06
They haven't.
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事實是並沒有。
10:09
And yes, we do need hope,
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確實，我們需要希望，
10:12
of course we do.
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我們當然需要。
10:14
But the one thing we need
more than hope is action.
more than hope is action.
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但比起希望，我們更需要的是行動。
10:19
Once we start to act,
hope is everywhere.
hope is everywhere.
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一旦我們開始行動，
希望就會無所不在。
希望就會無所不在。
10:23
So instead of looking for hope,
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所以停止祈求希望吧。
10:25
look for action.
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去追求行動吧。
10:28
Then, and only then, hope will come.
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這樣，也唯有這麼做，
希望才會到來。
希望才會到來。
10:34
Today, we use 100 million
barrels of oil every single day.
barrels of oil every single day.
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現今，
我們每天使用一億桶的石油。
10:41
There are no politics to change that.
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沒有任何政策去改變這一點。
10:45
There are no rules
to keep that oil in the ground.
to keep that oil in the ground.
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沒有制定任何規則限制石油開採。
10:49
So we can't save the world
by playing by the rules,
by playing by the rules,
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所以，若要拯救世界，
我們不能按規則行事，
我們不能按規則行事，
10:52
because the rules have to be changed.
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因為那些規則不得不改變。
10:56
Everything needs to change --
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一切都需要改變——
10:58
and it has to start today.
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且必須要從現在開始。
11:01
Thank you.
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謝謝。
11:02
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Greta Thunberg - Climate activistGreta Thunberg is a Swedish climate activist.
Why you should listen
In August 2018, Greta Thunberg started a school strike for the climate outside the Swedish Parliament that has since spread all over the world and now involves over 100,000 schoolchildren. The movement is now called Fridays For Future.
Thunberg has spoken at climate rallies in Stockholm, Helsinki, Brussels and London. In December she attended the United Nations COP24 in Katowice, Poland, where she addressed the Secretary-General and made a plenary speech that went viral and was shared many million times around the globe. In January 2019 she was invited to the World Economic Forum in Davos where her speeches again made a worldwide impact.
Thunberg tries to live a low-carbon life. Therefore she is vegan, and she doesn't fly. She has been named as one of the worlds most influential teens by TIME magazine.
Greta Thunberg | Speaker | TED.com