TED2018
Paul Rucker: The symbols of systemic racism -- and how to take away their power
Paul Rucker: Simboli sustavnog rasizma -- i kako im oduzeti moć
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Multidisciplinski umjetnik i TED Fellow, Paul Rucker, raščlanjuje nasljeđe sustavnog rasizma u Americi. Skupljač artefakata povezanih s poviješću ropstva, od željeza za žigosanje i okova do razglednica koje prikazuju linčeve -- Rucker nije mogao pronaći neoštećenu odoru Ku Klux Klana za kolekciju, stoga je počeo izrađivati svoje. Rezultat: impresivne kombinacije iz netradicionalnih tkanina, kao što je kente, kamuflažna tkanina i svila koje se suočavaju sa sustavnim rasizmom u Americi. "Ako kao ljudi pogledamo ove predmete i shvatimo da su oni dio naše povijesti, možemo naći put do mjesta gdje više nemaju moć nad nama," Rucker kaže.
Paul Rucker - Visual artist, cellist
Paul Rucker creates art that explores issues related to mass incarceration, racially-motivated violence, police brutality and the continuing impact of slavery in the US. Full bio
Paul Rucker creates art that explores issues related to mass incarceration, racially-motivated violence, police brutality and the continuing impact of slavery in the US. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
[This talk contains graphic images
Viewer discretion is advised]
Viewer discretion is advised]
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[Ovaj govor sadrži grafičke slike.
Preporučuje se gledanje u diskreciji.]
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00:17
I collect objects.
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Skupljam predmete.
00:19
I collect branding irons that were used
to mark slaves as property.
to mark slaves as property.
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Skupljam željezo koje se koristilo
za žigosanje robova kao vlasništva.
za žigosanje robova kao vlasništva.
00:25
I collect shackles for adults
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Skupljam okove za odrasle
00:29
and restraints for adults
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i sprege za odrasle,
00:31
as well as children.
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kao i za djecu.
00:37
I collect lynching postcards.
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Skupljam razglednice o linčevanjima.
00:40
Yes, they depict lynchings.
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Da, prikazuju linčevanje.
00:42
They also depict the massive crowds
that attended these lynchings,
that attended these lynchings,
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Također prikazuju rulju koja
je prisustvovala tim linčevanjima
je prisustvovala tim linčevanjima
00:46
and they are postcards
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i to su razglednice
00:48
that were also used for correspondence.
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koje su korištene za dopisivanje.
00:52
I collect proslavery books
that portray black people as criminals
that portray black people as criminals
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Skupljam knjige koje su poticale ropstvo
i prikazuju Afroamerikance kao kriminalce
i prikazuju Afroamerikance kao kriminalce
00:58
or as animals without souls.
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ili životinje bez duše.
01:02
I brought you something today.
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Donio sam vam danas nešto.
01:07
This is a ship's branding iron.
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To je željezo za žigosanje s broda.
01:10
It was used to mark slaves.
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Korišteno je za označavanje robova.
01:15
Well, they actually were not slaves
when they were marked.
when they were marked.
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Zapravo, nisu bili robovi
kada su označeni.
kada su označeni.
Bili su u Africi.
01:17
They were in Africa.
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01:19
But they were marked with an "S"
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Ali označeni su slovom "S"
01:21
to designate that they
were going to be slaves
were going to be slaves
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da bi se odredilo kako će biti robovi
01:23
when they were brought to the US
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kada dođu u SAD
01:25
and when they were brought to Europe.
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i kada dođu u Europu.
01:32
Another object or image that captured
my imagination when I was younger
my imagination when I was younger
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Još jedan predmet koji mi je zaokupljao
maštu kada sam bio mlađi
maštu kada sam bio mlađi
01:35
was a Klan robe.
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je odora Klana.
01:37
Growing up in South Carolina, I would see
Ku Klux Klan rallies occasionally,
Ku Klux Klan rallies occasionally,
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Odratajući u Južnoj Karolini,
ponekad bih gledao skupove Ku Klux Klana,
ponekad bih gledao skupove Ku Klux Klana,
01:41
actually more than occasionally,
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zapravo, češće od ponekad,
01:43
and the memories of those events
never really left my mind.
never really left my mind.
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i sjećanja na te događaje nisu
nikad napustila moj um.
nikad napustila moj um.
01:46
And I didn't really do anything
with that imagery until 25 years later.
with that imagery until 25 years later.
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I nisam ništa napravio s tim slikama
sve do 25 godina kasnije.
sve do 25 godina kasnije.
01:51
A few years ago,
I started researching the Klan,
I started researching the Klan,
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Prije nekoliko godina
počeo sam istraživati Klan,
počeo sam istraživati Klan,
01:53
the three distinct waves of the Klan,
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tri vala Klana,
01:56
the second one in particular.
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naročito drugi.
01:58
The second wave of the Klan
had more than five million active members,
had more than five million active members,
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Drugi val Klana imao je
više od pet milijuna aktivnih članova,
više od pet milijuna aktivnih članova,
02:03
which was five percent
of the population at the time,
of the population at the time,
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što je tada bilo pet posto populacije,
02:06
which was also the population
of New York City at the time.
of New York City at the time.
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a to je, također, tada bila
populacija New Yorka.
populacija New Yorka.
02:10
The Klan robe factory in the Buckhead
neighborhood of Georgia was so busy
neighborhood of Georgia was so busy
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Tvornica Klanskih odora u Buckheadu,
Georgia, imala je toliko posla,
Georgia, imala je toliko posla,
02:14
it became a 24-hour factory
to keep up with orders.
to keep up with orders.
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da je postala 24-satna tvornica
kako bi isporučila sve narudžbe.
kako bi isporučila sve narudžbe.
02:18
They kept 20,000 robes on hand at all time
to keep up with the demand.
to keep up with the demand.
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Imali su 20 000 odora na stanju
kako bi mogli pratiti narudžbe.
kako bi mogli pratiti narudžbe.
02:24
As a collector of artifacts
and as an artist,
and as an artist,
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Kao skupljač artefakata i kao umjetnik,
02:26
I really wanted a Klan robe
to be part of my collection,
to be part of my collection,
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zaista sam htio da odora Klana
bude dio moje kolekcije,
bude dio moje kolekcije,
02:29
because artifacts
and objects tell stories,
and objects tell stories,
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jer artefakti i predmeti pričaju priče,
02:33
but I really couldn't find one
that was really good quality.
that was really good quality.
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no nisam mogao pronaći nijednu
koja je bila u dobrom stanju.
koja je bila u dobrom stanju.
02:36
What is a black man to do in America
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Što crni muškarac u Americi treba učiniti
02:38
when he can't find the quality
Klan robe that he's looking for?
Klan robe that he's looking for?
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kada ne može pronaći kvalitetnu
odoru Klana koju traži?
odoru Klana koju traži?
02:41
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
02:45
So I had no other choice.
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Tako da nisam imao izbora.
02:47
I decided I was going to make
the best quality Klan robes in America.
the best quality Klan robes in America.
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Odlučio sam da ću napraviti
odoru najbolje kvalitete u Americi.
odoru najbolje kvalitete u Americi.
02:53
These are not your traditional Klan robes
you would see at any KKK rally.
you would see at any KKK rally.
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To nisu tradicionalne odore Klana
koje biste vidjeli na skupu.
koje biste vidjeli na skupu.
02:57
I used kente cloth,
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Koristio sam kente platno,
02:59
I used camouflage,
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koristio sam kamuflažno,
03:01
spandex, burlap, silks,
satins and different patterns.
satins and different patterns.
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spandex, jutu, svilu,
saten i različite uzorke.
saten i različite uzorke.
03:07
I make them for different age groups;
I make them for young kids
I make them for young kids
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Radim ih za razne dobne skupine,
radim ih za djecu
radim ih za djecu
03:10
as well as toddlers.
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i za mališane.
03:12
I even made one for an infant.
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Napravio sam jednu i za bebu.
03:19
After making so many robes,
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Nakon što sam izradio toliko halja,
03:21
I realized that the policies
the Klan had in place
the Klan had in place
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shvatio sam da su politike
koje je Klan imao
koje je Klan imao
03:25
or wanted to have in place
a hundred years ago
a hundred years ago
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ili želio imati prije stotinu godina,
03:28
are in place today.
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prisutne i danas.
03:30
We have segregated schools,
neighborhoods, workplaces,
neighborhoods, workplaces,
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Imamo odvojene škole,
naselja, radna mjesta,
naselja, radna mjesta,
03:35
and it's not the people wearing hoods
that are keeping these policies in place.
that are keeping these policies in place.
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i nije to što ljudi nose kapuljače
ono što to omogućuje.
ono što to omogućuje.
03:41
My work is about
the long-term impact of slavery.
the long-term impact of slavery.
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Moj rad se bavi dugoročnim
učincima ropstva.
učincima ropstva.
03:44
We're not just dealing
with the residue of systemic racism.
with the residue of systemic racism.
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Ne bavimo se samo ostacima
sustavnog rasizma.
sustavnog rasizma.
03:47
It's the basis
of every single thing we do.
of every single thing we do.
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To je osnova svake stvari koju radimo.
03:50
Again we have intentionally
segregated neighborhoods,
segregated neighborhoods,
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Ponovno imamo namjerno
razdvojena naselja,
razdvojena naselja,
03:53
workplaces and schools.
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radna mjesta i škole.
03:56
We have voter suppression.
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Imamo potiskivanje glasača.
03:57
We have disproportionate representation
of minorities incarcerated.
of minorities incarcerated.
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Imamo previše manjina u zatvorima.
04:03
We have environmental racism.
We have police brutality.
We have police brutality.
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Imamo okolišni rasizam.
Imamo policijsku brutalnost.
Imamo policijsku brutalnost.
04:08
I brought you a few things today.
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Donio sam vam danas par stvari.
04:13
The stealth aspect of racism
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Skriveni aspekt rasizma
04:16
is part of its power.
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je dio njegove moći.
04:19
When you're discriminated against,
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Kada vas diskriminiraju,
04:21
you can't always prove
you're being discriminated against.
you're being discriminated against.
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ne možete to uvijek dokazati.
04:25
Racism has the power to hide,
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Rasizam ima moć da se sakrije
04:28
and when it hides, it's kept safe
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i kada se sakriva, čuva se
04:31
because it blends in.
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jer se uklapa.
04:34
I created this robe to illustrate that.
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Stvorio sam ovu odoru
kako bih to prikazao.
kako bih to prikazao.
04:38
The basis of capitalism
in America is slavery.
in America is slavery.
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Osnova kapitalizma u Americi jest ropstvo.
04:46
Slaves were the capital in capitalism.
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Robovi su bili kapital u kapitalizmu.
04:50
The first Grand Wizard in 1868,
Nathan Bedford Forrest,
Nathan Bedford Forrest,
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Prvi Veliki čarobnjak 1868.,
Nathan Bedford Forrest,
Nathan Bedford Forrest,
04:54
was a Confederate soldier
and a millionaire slave trader.
and a millionaire slave trader.
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bio je Konfederacijski vojnik
i trgovac robovima, milijunaš.
i trgovac robovima, milijunaš.
05:07
The wealth that was created
from chattel slavery --
from chattel slavery --
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Bogatstvo koje je stvoreno
od ropstva kao pokretnine --
od ropstva kao pokretnine --
05:10
that's slaves as property --
would boggle the mind.
would boggle the mind.
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to su robovi kao imovina --
bi zapanjila um.
bi zapanjila um.
05:14
Cotton sales alone in 1860
equalled 200 million dollars.
equalled 200 million dollars.
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Prodaja pamuka 1860.
bila je 200 milijuna dolara.
bila je 200 milijuna dolara.
05:18
That would equal
five billion dollars today.
five billion dollars today.
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To je današnji ekvivalent
pet milijardi dolara.
pet milijardi dolara.
05:23
A lot of that wealth can be seen today
through generational wealth.
through generational wealth.
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Puno tog bogatstva danas možemo
vidjeti kroz generacijsko bogatstvo.
vidjeti kroz generacijsko bogatstvo.
05:28
Oh, I forgot the other crops as well.
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Oh, zaboravio sam i ostale usjeve.
05:30
You have indigo, rice and tobacco.
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Imate indigo, rižu i duhan.
05:38
In 2015, I made one robe a week
for the entire year.
for the entire year.
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2015., izrađivao sam jedan ogrtač
tjedno čitavu godinu.
tjedno čitavu godinu.
05:43
After making 75 robes, I had an epiphany.
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Nakon izrade 75 ogrtača,
doživio sam prosvjetljenje.
doživio sam prosvjetljenje.
05:45
I have a realization
that white supremacy is there,
that white supremacy is there,
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Shvatio sam da je bjelačka nadmoć tu,
05:51
but the biggest force
of white supremacy is not the KKK,
of white supremacy is not the KKK,
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ali najveća sila
bjelačke nadmoći nije KKK,
bjelačke nadmoći nije KKK,
05:55
it's the normalization of systemic racism.
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to je normalizacija sustavnog rasizma.
05:59
There was something else I realized.
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Postoji još nešto što sam shvatio.
06:01
The robes had no more power
over me at all.
over me at all.
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Odore više nisu imale moć nada mnom.
06:05
But if we as a people collectively
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Ali, ako mi kao ljudi zajedno
06:09
look at these objects --
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pogledamo te predmete --
06:11
branding irons, shackles, robes --
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željezo za žigosanje, okove, odjeću --
06:13
and realize that they
are part of our history,
are part of our history,
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i shvatimo da su one dio naše povijesti,
06:16
we can find a way to where they have
no more power over us.
no more power over us.
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možemo pronaći put do mjesta
gdje one više nemaju moć nad nama.
gdje one više nemaju moć nad nama.
06:21
If we look at systemic racism
and acknowledge
and acknowledge
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Ako pogledamo sustavni rasizam i shvatimo
06:26
that it's sown into the very fabric
of who we are as a country,
of who we are as a country,
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da je utkan u ono što jesmo kao država,
06:31
then we can actually do something
about the intentional segregation
about the intentional segregation
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onda, zapravo, možemo nešto
učiniti u vezi namjerne segregacije
učiniti u vezi namjerne segregacije
06:35
in our schools,
neighborhoods and workplaces.
neighborhoods and workplaces.
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u našim školama, naseljima
i na radnim mjestima.
i na radnim mjestima.
06:40
But then and only then
can we actually address
can we actually address
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Ali onda, i samo onda
se možemo uhvatiti u koštac
se možemo uhvatiti u koštac
06:43
and confront this legacy of slavery
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i suočiti se s nasljeđem ropstva
06:45
and dismantle this ugly legacy of slavery.
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te rastaviti ovo ružno nasljeđe ropstva.
06:49
Thank you very much.
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Hvala vam puno.
06:50
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Paul Rucker - Visual artist, cellistPaul Rucker creates art that explores issues related to mass incarceration, racially-motivated violence, police brutality and the continuing impact of slavery in the US.
Why you should listen
Paul Rucker is a visual artist, composer, and musician who often combines media, integrating live performance, sound, original compositions and visual art. His work is the product of a rich interactive process, through which he investigates community impacts, human rights issues, historical research and basic human emotions surrounding particular subject matter. Much of his current work focuses on the Prison Industrial Complex and the many issues accompanying incarceration in its relationship to slavery. He has presented performances and visual art exhibitions across the country and has collaborated with educational institutions to address the issue of mass incarceration. Presentations have taken place in schools, active prisons and also inactive prisons such as Alcatraz.
His largest installation to date, REWIND, garnered praise from Baltimore Magazine awarding Rucker "Best Artist 2015." Additionally, REWIND received "Best Solo Show 2015" and "#1 Art Show of 2015" from Baltimore City Paper, reviews by The Huffington Post, Artnet News, Washington Post, The Root and The Real News Network. Rucker has received numerous grants, awards and residencies for visual art and music. He is a 2012 Creative Capital Grantee in visual art as well as a 2014 and 2018 MAP (Multi-Arts Production) Fund Grantee for performance. In 2015 he received a prestigious Joan Mitchell Painters & Sculptors Grant as well as the Mary Sawyer Baker Award. In 2016 Paul received the Rauschenberg Artist as Activist fellowship and the Smithsonian Artist Research Fellowship, for which he is the first artist in residence at the new National Museum of African American Culture.
Residencies include MacDowell Colony, Blue Mountain Center, Ucross Foundation, Art OMI, Banff Centre, Pilchuck Glass School, Rauschenberg Residency, Joan Mitchell Residency, Hemera Artist Retreat, Air Serembe, Creative Alliance and the Rockefeller Foundation Study Center in Bellagio, Italy. In 2013-2015, he was the Robert W. Deutsch Foundation Artist in Residence and Research Fellow at the Maryland Institute College of Art. He was most recently awarded a 2017 John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship, a 2018 TED Fellowship and the 2018 Arts Innovator Award from the Dale and Leslie Chihuly Foundation and Artist Trust. Rucker is an iCubed Visiting Arts Fellow embedded at the Institute for Contemporary Art at Virginia Commonwealth University.
Rucker's latest work, Storm in the Time of Shelter, an installation of 52 custom Ku Klux Klan robes and related artifacts, is featured in the exhibition "Declaration," on view at the new Institute for Contemporary Art at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Virginia through September 9, 2018.
Paul Rucker | Speaker | TED.com