ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mathias Basner - Sleep and noise researcher
Mathias Basner researches the effects of noise on sleep, health, neurobehavioral and cognitive functions and more.

Why you should listen

Mathias Basner, MD, PhD, MSc is an associate professor in the department of psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine. His primary research interests concern the effects of sleep loss on neurobehavioral and cognitive functions, population studies on sleep time and waking activities, the effects of traffic noise on sleep and health, and astronaut behavioral health on long-duration space missions. These research areas overlap widely. Basner has published more than 80 journal articles and reviewed articles for more than 80 scientific journals. He is currently on the editorial board of the journals Sleep Health and Frontiers in Physiology.

Between 1999 and 2008, Basner conducted several large-scale laboratory and field studies on the effects of traffic noise on sleep at the German Aerospace Center. For this research, Basner was awarded the German Aerospace Center Research Award in 2007 and the Science Award of the German Academy for Aviation and Travel Medicine in 2010. Basner developed an ECG-based algorithm for the automatic identification of autonomic activations associated with cortical arousal that was used in several field studies to non-invasively assess the effects of aircraft noise on sleep. He is currently funded by the FAA to obtain current exposure-response functions describing the effects of aircraft noise on sleep for the United States. Basner has been an advisor to the World Health Organization (WHO) on the effects of traffic noise on sleep and health on a number of occasions. He performed a systematic evidence review on the effects of noise on sleep for the recently published revision of WHO's Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region.

Basner is currently President of the International Commission of Biological Effects of Noise (ICBEN) and member of the Impacts and Science Group of the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP) of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). He also represents the University of Pennsylvania in FAA's Aviation Sustainability Center (ASCENT).

More profile about the speaker
Mathias Basner | Speaker | TED.com
TEDMED 2018

Mathias Basner: Why noise is bad for your health -- and what you can do about it

马西厄斯·巴斯内尔: 为什么噪音对健康有害——以及你该如何应对

Filmed:
1,958,125 views

如今,寂静变得尤为罕见,到处都有交通、施工、空调机和邻居除草机的声音……噪音研究者马西厄斯·巴斯内尔认为,这些所有不受欢迎的声音对你的健康会造成令人震惊的影响。来探究噪音如何影响你的健康和睡眠,以及你可以如何好好利用寂静的“声音”并从中获益。
- Sleep and noise researcher
Mathias Basner researches the effects of noise on sleep, health, neurobehavioral and cognitive functions and more. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:17
Do you hear that?
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你们听到了吗?
00:21
Do you know what that is?
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你们知道那是什么吗?
00:25
Silence安静.
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寂静。
00:26
The sound声音 of silence安静.
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那是寂静的声音。
00:29
Simon西蒙 and Garfunkel加芬克尔 wrote a song歌曲 about it.
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西蒙和加芬克尔二人为它写过一首歌,
(《寂静之声》)
00:32
But silence安静 is a pretty漂亮
rare罕见 commodity商品 these days,
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但现如今寂静变得尤其罕见,
00:35
and we're all paying付款 a price价钱 for it
in terms条款 of our health健康 --
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而我们都在为此付出的代价
——尤其是在健康上,
00:39
a surprisingly出奇 big price价钱, as it turns out.
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而且是非常巨大的代价。
00:42
Luckily, there are things
we can do right now,
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幸运的是,我们现在还是可以做些什么,
00:46
both individually个别地 and as a society社会,
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不管是个人还是社会,
00:49
to better protect保护 our health健康
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来保护我们的健康,
00:51
and give us more of the benefits好处
of the sounds声音 of silence安静.
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以及让我们享受到更多寂静带来的好处。
00:56
I assume承担 that most of you know that
too much noise噪声 is bad for your hearing听力.
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我想大部分人应该知道过多的噪音
对听力会有损害,
01:00
Whenever每当 you leave离开 a concert音乐会 or a bar酒吧
and you have that ringing铃声 in your ears耳朵,
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你在离开一个演唱会或者酒吧的时候,
如果耳中还有余音,
01:04
you can be certain某些 that you have doneDONE
some damage损伤 to your hearing听力,
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那你的听力肯定已经受到损害了,
01:07
likely容易 permanent常驻.
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而且很可能是永久性的。
01:09
And that's very important重要.
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这很重要。
01:11
However然而, noise噪声 affects影响 our health健康
in many许多 different不同 ways方法 beyond hearing听力.
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不过,噪音对健康的影响远不止于听力,
01:17
They're less well-known知名,
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这些影响不为人所知,
01:18
but they're just as dangerous危险
as the auditory听觉 effects效果.
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但却和听觉受损同样危险。
01:23
So what do we mean
when we talk about noise噪声?
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所以,当我们在谈论噪音时,
究竟在谈论什么?
01:26
Well, noise噪声 is defined定义 as unwanted不需要 sound声音,
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噪音是“不被欢迎的声音”,
01:29
and as such这样, both has
a physical物理 component零件, the sound声音,
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它包括物理层面,即声音本身,
01:33
and a psychological心理 component零件,
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以及心理层面,
01:35
the circumstances情况 that make
the sound声音 unwanted不需要.
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即该声音不受欢迎的原因。
01:38
A very good example is a rock concert音乐会.
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摇滚乐演唱会就是个很好的例子,
01:40
A person attending出席 the rock concert音乐会,
being存在 exposed裸露 to 100 decibels分贝,
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参加摇滚演唱会的人
会被100分贝的声音环绕,
01:45
does not think of the music音乐 as noise噪声.
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但却不认为那是噪音。
01:48
This person likes喜欢 the band, and even
paid支付 a hundred dollars美元 for the ticket,
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他喜欢那个乐队,
甚至花了100美元买票。
01:52
so no matter how loud the music音乐,
this person doesn't think of it as noise噪声.
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所以不管音乐有多大声,
他也不会认为那是噪音。
01:56
In contrast对比, think of a person living活的
three blocks away from the concert音乐会 hall大厅.
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反过来,想想住在演唱会场馆
三个街区以外的一个人,
02:01
That person is trying to read a book,
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他正想看书,
02:04
but cannot不能 concentrate集中
because of the music音乐.
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但因为音乐声而无法集中注意力,
02:07
And although虽然 the sound声音 pressure压力 levels水平
are much lower降低 in this situation情况,
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尽管在这里,音量已经小了很多,
02:10
this person still thinks
of the music音乐 as noise噪声,
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但他仍然会认为这是噪音,
02:13
and it may可能 trigger触发 reactions反应 that can,
in the long run, have health健康 consequences后果.
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而且还可能触发
引起长期健康问题的反应。
02:21
So why are quiet安静 spaces空间 so important重要?
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所以为什么安静的地方如此重要?
02:24
Because noise噪声 affects影响 our health健康
in so many许多 ways方法 beyond hearing听力.
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因为噪音对我们的影响
远远大于听力损害。
02:29
However然而, it's becoming变得 increasingly日益
difficult to find quiet安静 spaces空间
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但是,现在要想找到安静的地方难上加难,
02:35
in times of constantly经常 increasing增加 traffic交通,
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交通更拥挤,
02:38
growing生长 urbanization城市化,
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城市化加速,
02:40
construction施工 sites网站,
air-conditioning空调 units单位,
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到处工程施工、空调运作,
02:43
leaf blowers鼓风机, lawnmowers剪草机,
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还有吹叶机和除草机的声音,
02:45
outdoor户外 concerts音乐会 and bars酒吧,
personal个人 music音乐 players玩家,
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包括户外音乐会和酒吧、独立音乐演奏者,
02:48
and your neighbors邻居 partying派对 until直到 3am.
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你的邻居还夜夜笙歌至凌晨三点,
02:50
Whew!
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呼!
02:52
In 2011, the World世界 Health健康
Organization组织 estimated预计
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2011年,世界健康组织预计,
02:56
that 1.6 million百万 healthy健康 life years年份
are lost丢失 every一切 year
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每年人们的健康生命年总损失达160万年,
03:02
due应有 to exposure曝光 to environmental环境的 noise噪声
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仅仅因为环境噪音,
03:04
in the Western西 European欧洲的
member会员 states状态 alone单独.
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而这还只算了西欧国家。
03:09
One important重要 effect影响 of noise噪声
is that it disturbs会干扰 communication通讯.
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噪音的一大影响是它阻碍了沟通,
03:13
You may可能 have to raise提高 your voice语音
to be understood了解.
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人们需要提高音量来让别人听到,
03:15
In extreme极端 cases, you may可能 even
have to pause暂停 the conversation会话.
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在极端情况下,你可能还要中断对话。
03:19
It's also more likely容易 to be misunderstood误解
in a noisy嘈杂 environment环境.
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而在嘈杂环境中,人们也更容易被误解。
03:23
These are all likely容易 reasons原因
why studies学习 have found发现
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因此,研究发现,
03:27
that children孩子 who attend出席
schools学校 in noisy嘈杂 areas
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在嘈杂地区上学的儿童,
03:30
are more likely容易 to lag落后 behind背后 their peers同行
in academic学术的 performance性能.
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更倾向于在学术表现上比同龄人落后。
03:35
Another另一个 very important重要
health健康 effect影响 of noise噪声
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另一个重要的噪音带来的健康影响是,
03:38
is the increased增加 risk风险
for cardiovascular心血管 disease疾病
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它会提高人们得心血管疾病的几率,
03:41
in those who are exposed裸露
to relevant相应 noise噪声 levels水平
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尤其是那些在较高噪音水平中,
03:44
for prolonged经久 periods of time.
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生活了很长时间的人。
03:47
Noise噪声 is stress强调,
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噪音带来压力,
03:48
especially特别 if we have little
or no control控制 over it.
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尤其是在我们无法控制噪音的情况下。
03:51
Our body身体 excretes排泄物 stress强调 hormones激素
like adrenaline肾上腺素 and cortisol皮质醇
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我们的身体会分泌荷尔蒙,
如肾上腺素和皮质醇,
03:55
that lead to changes变化
in the composition组成 of our blood血液
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它们会改变我们的血液组成,
03:58
and in the structure结构体 of our blood血液 vessels船只,
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还会改变我们的血管架构,
04:01
which哪一个 have been shown显示 to be stiffer较硬
after a single night of noise噪声 exposure曝光.
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比如当我们经历了一晚的噪音后,血管就会变硬。
04:06
Epidemiological流行病 学 studies学习 show显示 associations协会
between之间 the noise噪声 exposure曝光
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流行病学研究发现,
04:10
and an increased增加 risk风险
for high blood血液 pressure压力,
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噪音会带来高血压的风险,
04:13
heart attacks攻击 and stroke行程,
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以及心脏病发作、中风等风险,
04:15
and although虽然 the overall总体 risk风险 increases增加
are relatively相对 small,
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虽然这样的风险增加度不高,
04:19
this still constitutes构成
a major重大的 public上市 health健康 problem问题
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但这仍然是影响大众健康状况的很大因素。
04:22
because noise噪声 is so ubiquitous普及,
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因为噪音无处不在,
04:25
and so many许多 people are exposed裸露
to relevant相应 noise噪声 levels水平.
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太多人一直在不同程度的噪音当中。
04:29
A recent最近 study研究 found发现 that US society社会
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近期一个研究发现,
04:32
could save保存 3.9 billion十亿 dollars美元 each year
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美国每年可以省下39亿美元,
04:36
by lowering降低 environmental环境的
noise噪声 exposure曝光 by five decibels分贝,
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只要把环境噪音降低5分贝,
04:40
just by saving保存 costs成本 for treating治疗
cardiovascular心血管 disease疾病.
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而这也是为治疗心血管疾病省下成本。
04:45
There are other diseases疾病
like cancer癌症, diabetes糖尿病 and obesity肥胖
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还有其它疾病如癌症、糖尿病和肥胖症,
04:48
that have been linked关联 to noise噪声 exposure曝光,
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它们都和噪音暴露有关系。
04:51
but we do not have enough足够 evidence证据 yet然而
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但我们目前实际上还没有足够的证据,
04:53
to, in fact事实, conclude得出结论 that these diseases疾病
are caused造成 by the noise噪声.
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来说明这些疾病是由噪音造成的。
04:59
Yet然而 another另一个 important重要 effect影响 of noise噪声
is sleep睡觉 disturbance骚乱.
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噪音另一个重要影响是睡眠,
05:02
Sleep睡觉 is a very active活性 mechanism机制
that recuperates疗养 us
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睡眠是一个非常活跃的机制,
来为我们恢复活力,
05:05
and prepares准备 us for the next下一个 wake唤醒 period.
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让我们准备好迎接下一个清醒时段。
05:08
A quiet安静 bedroom卧室 is a cornerstone基石
of what sleep睡觉 researchers研究人员 call
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一个安静的房间是一些研究者口中的
05:12
"a good sleep睡觉 hygiene卫生."
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“一个好觉”的基石。
05:14
And our auditory听觉 system系统
has a watchman看守者 function功能.
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我们的听力系统有一个“看门人”的功能,
05:17
It's constantly经常 monitoring监控
our environment环境 for threats威胁,
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它持续地检测着我们所处的环境中
是否有威胁,
05:21
even while we're sleeping睡眠.
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即便是在我们睡觉的时候。
05:23
So noise噪声 in the bedroom卧室 can cause原因 a delay延迟
in the time it takes us to fall秋季 asleep睡着,
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所以房间里的噪音
会延迟我们的入睡时间,
05:28
it can wake唤醒 us up during the night,
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还会让我们在半夜醒来,
05:31
and it can prevent避免 our blood血液 pressure压力
from going down during the night.
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它会阻碍我们的血压在夜晚降低。
05:35
We have the hypothesis假设 that
if these noise-induced噪声性 sleep睡觉 disturbances骚乱
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我们有个假设,
如果这种被噪音性睡眠障碍
05:38
continue继续 for months个月 and years年份,
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持续几个月或几年,
05:40
then an increased增加 risk风险 for cardiovascular心血管
disease疾病 is likely容易 the consequence后果.
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那么心血管疾病的发病概率将会提高。
05:46
However然而, we are often经常 not aware知道的
of these noise-induced噪声性 sleep睡觉 disturbances骚乱,
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然而,我们常常无法意识到这些
噪音性睡眠障碍的存在,
05:50
because we are unconscious无意识
while we're sleeping睡眠.
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因为我们在睡觉时没有意识。
05:53
In the past过去, we've我们已经 doneDONE studies学习
on the effects效果 of traffic交通 noise噪声 on sleep睡觉,
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我们曾经对在交通噪音环境中
睡觉的人做过研究,
05:57
and research研究 subjects主题 would often经常
wake唤醒 up in the morning早上 and say,
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研究对象们经常在早晨起来后说,
06:00
"Ah, I had a wonderful精彩 night,
I fell下跌 asleep睡着 right away,
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“啊,我昨晚睡得很好,马上睡着了,
06:02
never really woke醒来 up."
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中途也没有醒。“
06:04
When we would go back
to the physiological生理 signals信号
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但当我们回头看各种前晚记录的
06:07
we had recorded记录 during the night,
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身体数据时,
06:09
we would often经常 see numerous众多 awakenings觉醒
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我们常常看到大量的身体唤醒,
06:11
and a severely严重 fragmented支离破碎 sleep睡觉 structure结构体.
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以及严重片段化的睡眠结构。
06:14
These awakenings觉醒 were too brief简要
for the subjects主题 to regain恢复 consciousness意识
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这些唤醒太短,不至于让被研究者恢复意识,
06:20
and to remember记得 them
during the next下一个 morning早上,
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或者在第二天早上还能记得。
06:23
but they may可能 nevertheless虽然
have a profound深刻 impact碰撞
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但它们将会带来深远的影响,
06:26
on how restful宁静 our sleep睡觉 is.
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决定了我们的睡眠带来的休息价值有多少。
06:30
So when is loud too loud?
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所以什么时候声音才算过大?
06:32
A good sign标志 of too loud is
once一旦 you start开始 changing改变 your behavior行为.
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一个很好的信号是,你开始改变你的行为。
06:37
You may可能 have to raise提高 your voice语音
to be understood了解,
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比如你可能要更大声地说话以让别人理解,
06:40
or you increase增加 the volume of your TV电视.
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或者你开始增加电视音量,
06:42
You're avoiding避免 outside areas,
or you're closing关闭 your window窗口.
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你开始避开户外区域,关上窗户,
06:46
You're moving移动 your bedroom卧室
to the basement地下室 of the house,
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你把你的卧室移到地下室,
06:49
or you even have
sound声音 insulation绝缘 installed安装.
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或者你甚至装上了隔音设备。
06:51
Many许多 people will move移动 away
to less noisy嘈杂 areas,
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很多人会搬到更少噪音的地方去,
06:55
but obviously明显 not everybody每个人
can afford给予 that.
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但显然不是所有人都可以负担得起。
06:59
So what can we do right now
to improve提高 our sound声音 environment环境
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所以我们可以做些什么
来改善声音环境呢,
07:03
and to better protect保护 our health健康?
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从而保护我们的健康呢?
07:06
Well, first of all,
if something's什么是 too loud, speak说话 up.
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第一,如果你感觉太吵,就要表达意见。
07:10
For example, many许多 owners拥有者 of movie电影 theaters剧院
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比如,很多电影院的老板,
07:13
seem似乎 to think that only people hard
of hearing听力 are still going to the movies电影.
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好像都以为只有听力不好的人才去电影院,
07:18
If you complain抱怨 about the noise噪声
and nothing happens发生,
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如果你抱怨过它的噪音但没有效果,
07:21
demand需求 a refund退 and leave离开.
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你可以要求退款或者直接离开,
07:23
That's the language语言 that managers经理
typically一般 do understand理解.
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电影院的经理肯定会明白你传达的信息的。
07:27
Also, talk to your children孩子
about the health健康 effects效果 of noise噪声
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你还可以教导你的孩子们
关于噪音对健康的影响,
07:30
and that listening to loud music音乐 today今天
will have consequences后果 when they're older旧的.
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他们现在大声地听音乐,
以后他们将为此付出代价。
07:35
You can also move移动 your bedroom卧室
to the quiet安静 side of the house,
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你也可以把你的卧室移到
房子比较安静的地方,
07:38
where your own拥有 building建造 shields盾牌 you
from road traffic交通 noise噪声.
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你的房子本身就可以为你阻挡
一部分的交通噪音。
07:42
If you're looking to rent出租
or buy购买 a new place地点,
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如果你正在寻找新的房子,
07:44
make low noise噪声 a priority优先.
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把安静和噪音少作为首选条件,
07:46
Visit访问 the property属性 during
different不同 times of the day
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在一天的不同时间参观房子,
07:49
and talk to the neighbors邻居 about noise噪声.
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和邻居讨论一下噪音。
07:53
You can wear穿 noise-canceling降噪 headphones头戴耳机
when you're traveling旅行
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在旅行的时候,你可以戴降噪耳机,
07:57
or if your office办公室 has high
background背景 noise噪声 levels水平.
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如果你的办公室有强噪音环境,也可以戴。
08:01
In general一般, seek寻求 out quiet安静 spaces空间,
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总的来说,寻找安静的地方,
08:03
especially特别 on the weekend周末
or when you're on vacation假期.
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尤其是在周末或你正在休假的时候,
08:07
Allow允许 your system系统 to wind down.
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让你的身体系统放松。
08:10
I, very appropriately适当 for this talk,
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和这次演讲十分呼应的是,
08:12
attended出席 a noise噪声 conference会议
in Japan日本 four years年份 ago.
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四年前,我在日本参加了一个有关噪音的会议,
08:16
When I returned to the United联合的 States状态
and entered进入 the airport飞机场,
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当我回到美国,进入机场时,
08:20
a wall of sound声音 hit击中 me.
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无数声音像墙一样向我袭来。
08:22
This tells告诉 you that
we don't realize实现 anymore
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这告诉我们,我们不再对
08:24
the constant不变 degree
of noise噪声 pollution污染 we're exposed裸露 to
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噪音污染的暴露感到敏感,
08:27
and how much we could profit利润
from more quiet安静 spaces空间.
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而且也不再意识到安静的环境
可以给我们带来多大的好处。
08:32
What else其他 can we do about noise噪声?
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我们还能做些什么?
08:34
Well, very much like a carbon footprint脚印,
we all have a noise噪声 footprint脚印,
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正如二氧化碳足迹一样,
我们也有噪音足迹,
08:38
and there are things we can do
to make that noise噪声 footprint脚印 smaller.
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而这些是我们可以缩小噪音足迹的方式。
08:42
For example, don't start开始 mowing刈草 your lawn草坪
at 7am on a Saturday星期六 morning早上.
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比如,不要在周六早上七点
就开始除草,
08:48
Your neighbors邻居 will thank you.
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你的邻居会感谢你的。
08:50
Or use a rake instead代替 of a leaf blower送风机.
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或者你可以用耙子而不是吹叶机。
08:52
In general一般, noise噪声 reduction减少 at the source资源
makes品牌 the most sense,
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总的来说,从源头减少噪音是最合理的,
08:57
so whenever每当 you're looking
to buy购买 a new car汽车,
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所以当你在考虑买新车,
08:59
air-conditioning空调 unit单元,
blender搅拌机, you name名称 it,
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买空调,买搅拌机,
或者其它什么的时候,
09:02
make low noise噪声 a priority优先.
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把低噪音作为一个首选条件。
09:04
Many许多 manufacturers制造商 will list名单
the noise噪声 levels水平 their devices设备 generate生成,
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很多制造商会把
低噪音水平考虑到设备生产中,
09:08
and some even advertise广告 with them.
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有些甚至会以此作为广告亮点,
09:11
Use that information信息.
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好好利用这样的信息。
09:14
Many许多 people think that stronger noise噪声
regulation and enforcement强制 are good ideas思路,
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很多认为有力的噪音法规
和执行是好的方法,
09:18
even obvious明显 solutions解决方案, perhaps也许,
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甚至可能觉得这才是最明显的解决方式,
09:20
but it's not as easy简单 as you may可能 think,
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但这不像人们想象中简单。
09:22
because many许多 of the activities活动
that generate生成 noise噪声
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因为许多带来噪音的活动,
09:25
also generate生成 revenue收入.
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同样带来收入。
09:27
Think about an airport飞机场 and all
the business商业 that is associated相关 with it.
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想想机场带来的商业效应就知道了。
09:32
Our research研究 tells告诉 politicians政治家
at what noise噪声 level水平
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我们的研究也告诉政治家们,
09:36
they can expect期望 a certain某些 health健康 effect影响,
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怎样的噪音水平会带来怎样的健康效应,
09:38
and that helps帮助 inform通知 better noise噪声 policy政策.
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这会帮助更有效的噪音政策出台。
09:42
Robert罗伯特 Koch科赫 supposedly按说 once一旦 said,
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细菌学家罗泊特·科赫曾说,
09:44
"One day, mankind人类 will fight斗争 noise噪声
as relentlessly无情 as cholera霍乱 and the pest虫害."
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“总有一天,人类和噪音的斗争会像
他们和霍乱、害虫的斗争一样残酷。”
09:51
I think we're there,
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我想这一天已经来到了,
09:52
and I hope希望 that we will win赢得 this fight斗争,
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我希望我们可以赢得这场斗争,
09:54
and when we do, we can all have
a nice不错, quiet安静 celebration庆典.
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而当这实现时,我们可以举行一次
美好的、安静的庆祝活动。
09:59
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
10:00
Thank you.
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谢谢。
10:01
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Ruijie Wu
Reviewed by Jin Ge

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mathias Basner - Sleep and noise researcher
Mathias Basner researches the effects of noise on sleep, health, neurobehavioral and cognitive functions and more.

Why you should listen

Mathias Basner, MD, PhD, MSc is an associate professor in the department of psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine. His primary research interests concern the effects of sleep loss on neurobehavioral and cognitive functions, population studies on sleep time and waking activities, the effects of traffic noise on sleep and health, and astronaut behavioral health on long-duration space missions. These research areas overlap widely. Basner has published more than 80 journal articles and reviewed articles for more than 80 scientific journals. He is currently on the editorial board of the journals Sleep Health and Frontiers in Physiology.

Between 1999 and 2008, Basner conducted several large-scale laboratory and field studies on the effects of traffic noise on sleep at the German Aerospace Center. For this research, Basner was awarded the German Aerospace Center Research Award in 2007 and the Science Award of the German Academy for Aviation and Travel Medicine in 2010. Basner developed an ECG-based algorithm for the automatic identification of autonomic activations associated with cortical arousal that was used in several field studies to non-invasively assess the effects of aircraft noise on sleep. He is currently funded by the FAA to obtain current exposure-response functions describing the effects of aircraft noise on sleep for the United States. Basner has been an advisor to the World Health Organization (WHO) on the effects of traffic noise on sleep and health on a number of occasions. He performed a systematic evidence review on the effects of noise on sleep for the recently published revision of WHO's Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region.

Basner is currently President of the International Commission of Biological Effects of Noise (ICBEN) and member of the Impacts and Science Group of the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP) of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). He also represents the University of Pennsylvania in FAA's Aviation Sustainability Center (ASCENT).

More profile about the speaker
Mathias Basner | Speaker | TED.com