TEDxStanford
Marily Oppezzo: Want to be more creative? Go for a walk
Marily Oppezzo: Vil du gerne være mere kreativ? Gå en tur
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Når man forsøger at komme med en ny ide, har vi alle tidspunkter, hvor vi sidder fast. Men ifølge en forskning udarbejdet af adfærds- og lærdomsforskeren Marily Oppezzo er det bare at komme op og gå en tur for at få ens kreative tanker til at strømme. I denne sjove, hurtige TedTalk, forklarer hun, hvordan det at gå kan hjælpe dig med at få mest muligt ud af din næste brainstorm.
Marily Oppezzo - Behavioral and learning scientist
Marily Oppezzo studies how the movement of the body can affect the movement of the mind. Full bio
Marily Oppezzo studies how the movement of the body can affect the movement of the mind. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
The creative process -- you know this --
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Den kreative proces -
du kender det -
du kender det -
00:15
from the first idea to the final product,
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fra den første ide til det færdige produkt
00:17
is a long process.
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er en meget lang proces.
00:19
It's super-iterative, lots of refinement,
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Det er super gentagende, masser
forbedringer,
forbedringer,
00:22
blood, sweat, tears and years.
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blod, sved, tårer og år.
00:24
And we're not saying
you're going to go out for a walk
you're going to go out for a walk
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Og vi siger ikke at du går en tur
00:27
and come back with the Sistine Chapel
in your left hand.
in your left hand.
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og kommer tilbage med
Det Sixtinske Kapel.
Det Sixtinske Kapel.
00:29
So what frame of the creative
process did we focus on?
process did we focus on?
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Hvilken ramme af den kreavtive
proces focuserede vi på?
proces focuserede vi på?
00:32
Just this first part.
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Kun den første del
00:34
Just brainstorming,
coming up with a new idea.
coming up with a new idea.
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Kun brainstorming,
det at komme op med en ny ide.
det at komme op med en ny ide.
00:38
We actually ran four studies
with a variety of people.
with a variety of people.
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Vi udførte fire studier med
en forskellig række mennesker.
en forskellig række mennesker.
00:42
You were either walking
indoors or outdoors.
indoors or outdoors.
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De skulle enten gå en tur
indenfor eller udenfor.
indenfor eller udenfor.
00:44
And all of these studies
found the same conclusion.
found the same conclusion.
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Og alle disse studier kom til
samme konklusion.
samme konklusion.
00:48
I'm only going to tell you
about one of them today.
about one of them today.
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Jeg fortæller Jer kun
om et af studierne i dag.
om et af studierne i dag.
00:51
One of the tests we used for creativity
was alternate uses.
was alternate uses.
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Én af de tests vi brugte til kreativitet,
var alternative anvendelse.
var alternative anvendelse.
00:55
In this test, you have four minutes.
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I denne test har du fire minutter.
00:57
Your job is to come up with as many other
ways to use common everyday objects
ways to use common everyday objects
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Dit job er at komme på så mange mulige
måder at bruge dagligdagsting på
måder at bruge dagligdagsting på
01:01
as you can think of.
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som du kan tænke på.
01:02
So, for example,
what else would you do with a key,
what else would you do with a key,
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Så, for eksempel,
hvad kan du ellers bruge en nøgle til,
hvad kan du ellers bruge en nøgle til,
01:05
other than to use it
for opening up a lock?
for opening up a lock?
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udover at bruge den til at
låse en lås op med?
låse en lås op med?
01:08
Clearly, you could use it
as a third eyeball for a giraffe, right?
as a third eyeball for a giraffe, right?
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Du kan selvfølgelig bruge den som en
girafs tredje øje, ikke sandt?
girafs tredje øje, ikke sandt?
01:12
Maybe. That's sort of interesting,
kind of new. But is it creative?
kind of new. But is it creative?
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Måske. Det er i hvert fald interessant,
noget andet. Men er det kreativt?
noget andet. Men er det kreativt?
01:17
So people came up with
as many ideas as they could,
as many ideas as they could,
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Så folk kom op med så mange nye ideer
de kunne,
de kunne,
01:20
and we had to decide:
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Og vi skulle beslutte:
01:21
Is this creative or not?
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Er det kreativt eller ej?
01:24
The definition of creativity
that a lot of people go with
that a lot of people go with
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Den definition af kreativitet
som mange benytter
som mange benytter
01:27
is "appropriate novelty."
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er en "passende nyhed".
01:29
For something to be appropriate,
it has to be realistic,
it has to be realistic,
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For at noget kan være passende,
så skal det være realistisk,
så skal det være realistisk,
01:32
so unfortunately, you can't use
a key as an eyeball.
a key as an eyeball.
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så du kan uheldigvis ikke bruge en
nøgle som et tredje øje.
nøgle som et tredje øje.
01:36
Boo!
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Buh!
01:37
But "novel," the second thing,
is that nobody had to have said it.
is that nobody had to have said it.
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Men, en "nyhed", den anden factor,
betyder at ingen har sagt det før.
betyder at ingen har sagt det før.
01:42
So for us, it had to be appropriate first,
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Så for os, blev det nødt til at være
en passende førstegang,
en passende førstegang,
01:45
and then for novelty,
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og også en nyhed,
01:46
nobody else in the entire population
that we surveyed could have said it.
that we surveyed could have said it.
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Ingen i vores undersøgelsesgruppe
havde sagt det samme.
havde sagt det samme.
01:50
So you might think you could use
a key to scratch somebody's car,
a key to scratch somebody's car,
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Så hvis du synes at en nøgle kunne bruges
til at ridse en anden persons bil,
til at ridse en anden persons bil,
01:54
but if somebody else said that,
you didn't get credit for it.
you didn't get credit for it.
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ville du ikke få point, hvis
andre også havde sagt det samme.
andre også havde sagt det samme.
01:57
Neither of you did.
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Ingen af Jer ville.
01:58
However, only one person said this:
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Der var dog kun en person som sagde dette:
02:02
"If you were dying
and it were a murder mystery,
and it were a murder mystery,
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"Hvis du var døende
og det var en gåde hvem morderen var,
og det var en gåde hvem morderen var,
02:05
and you had to carve the name
of the murderer into the ground
of the murderer into the ground
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og du havde skrabet moderens navn
i jorden
i jorden
02:08
with your dying words."
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som dine sidste døende ord."
02:10
One person said this.
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En person sagde dette.
02:11
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
02:12
And it's a creative idea,
because it's appropriate and it's novel.
because it's appropriate and it's novel.
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Og dette er en kreativ ide,
fordi det er passende og det er nyt.
fordi det er passende og det er nyt.
02:16
You either did this test and came up
with ideas while you were seated
with ideas while you were seated
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Du lavede enten dette test, og kom på
ideer imens du sad ned
ideer imens du sad ned
02:19
or while you were walking on a treadmill.
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eller gik på et løbebånd.
02:22
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
02:24
They did the test twice,
with different objects.
with different objects.
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De lavede testene to gange,
med forskellige objekter.
med forskellige objekter.
02:26
Three groups: the first group sat first
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Tre grupper; den første gruppe sad
først ned
først ned
02:30
and then sat again for the second test.
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og sad igen ned for den anden test.
02:32
The second group sat first
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Den anden gruppe sad først ned
02:35
and then did the second test
while walking on a treadmill.
while walking on a treadmill.
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og lavede den anden test
imens de gik på løbebåndet.
imens de gik på løbebåndet.
02:38
The third group --
and this is interesting --
and this is interesting --
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Den tredje gruppe -
og dette er interessant -
og dette er interessant -
02:41
they walked on the treadmill first,
and then they sat.
and then they sat.
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de startede på løbebåndet,
og senere sad de ned.
og senere sad de ned.
02:44
OK, so the two groups
that sat together for the first test,
that sat together for the first test,
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Ok, så de to grupper
som sad ned under den første test,
som sad ned under den første test,
02:48
they looked pretty similar to each other,
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de lignede hinanden.
02:50
and they averaged
about 20 creative ideas per person.
about 20 creative ideas per person.
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og de havde i gennemsnit
omkring 20 kreative ideer per person.
omkring 20 kreative ideer per person.
02:54
The group that was walking
on the treadmill
on the treadmill
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Gruppen som gik på løbebåndet
02:56
did almost twice as well.
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gjorde næsten dobbelt så godt.
02:59
And they were just walking
on a treadmill in a windowless room.
on a treadmill in a windowless room.
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Og de gik bare på et løbebånd i et
værelse uden vinduer.
værelse uden vinduer.
03:04
Remember, they took the test twice.
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Husk på at de tog testen to gange.
03:06
The people who sat twice for that second
test didn't get any better;
test didn't get any better;
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De personer som sad ned to gange
under test nummer to, gjorde ikke bedre;
under test nummer to, gjorde ikke bedre;
03:10
practice didn't help.
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erfaring hjalp ikke.
03:12
But these same people who were sitting
and then went on the treadmill
and then went on the treadmill
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Men de personer som sad ned og
efterfølgende gik på løbebåndet
efterfølgende gik på løbebåndet
03:15
got a boost from walking.
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fik et boost af at gå.
03:17
Here's the interesting thing.
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Her er det interessante.
03:19
The people who were
walking on the treadmill
walking on the treadmill
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De personer som gik på løbebåndet
03:21
still had a residue effect of the walking,
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havde stadig en rest virkning af at gå,
03:24
and they were still creative afterwards.
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og de var stadigvæk kreative bagefter.
03:26
So the implication of this
is that you should go for a walk
is that you should go for a walk
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Så dette betyder at
du burde gå en tur
du burde gå en tur
03:29
before your next big meeting
and just start brainstorming right away.
and just start brainstorming right away.
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inden dit næste store møde
og begynde at brainstorme med det samme.
og begynde at brainstorme med det samme.
03:34
We have five tips for you
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Vi har fem tips til dig
03:36
that will help make this
the best effect possible.
the best effect possible.
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der vil hjælpe med at give
dette den bedste effekt.
dette den bedste effekt.
03:39
First, you want to pick a problem
or a topic to brainstorm.
or a topic to brainstorm.
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Først, skal du vælge et problem
eller et emne som du vil brainstorme.
eller et emne som du vil brainstorme.
03:44
So, this is not the shower effect,
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Så, dette er ikke 'bad-effekten',
03:46
when you're in the shower
and all of a sudden,
and all of a sudden,
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hvor du står i baddet og der pludseligt
03:48
a new idea pops out of the shampoo bottle.
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kommer en ide ud af shampoo flasken.
03:50
This is something
you're thinking about ahead of time.
you're thinking about ahead of time.
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Det er noget du tænker på i forvejen.
03:53
They're intentionally thinking about
brainstorming a different perspective
brainstorming a different perspective
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De tænker med vilje på noget at
brainstorme fra et andet perspektiv
brainstorme fra et andet perspektiv
03:57
on the walk.
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imens de går en tur.
03:58
Secondly -- I get asked this a lot:
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Det andet - som jeg ofte bliver spurgt:
04:00
Is this OK while running?
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Er det okay at gøre imens jeg løber?
04:02
Well, the answer for me
is that if I were running,
is that if I were running,
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Svaret for mig, er imens jeg løber,
04:05
the only new idea I would have
would be to stop running, so ...
would be to stop running, so ...
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er den eneste nye idé jeg ville få
ville være at stoppe med at løbe, så...
ville være at stoppe med at løbe, så...
04:09
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
04:10
But if running for you
is a comfortable pace, good.
is a comfortable pace, good.
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Men hvis det at løbe for dig
er behageligt, godt for dig.
er behageligt, godt for dig.
04:14
It turns out, whatever physical
activity is not taking a lot of attention.
activity is not taking a lot of attention.
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Det viser sig, at den fysiske aktivitet
ikke må tage for meget opmærksomhed.
ikke må tage for meget opmærksomhed.
04:18
So just walking at a comfortable
pace is a good choice.
pace is a good choice.
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Så bare det at gå i et behageligt tempo
er et godt valg.
er et godt valg.
04:22
Also, you want to come up with
as many ideas as you can.
as many ideas as you can.
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Du skulle også helst komme op med så
mange nye ideer du kan.
mange nye ideer du kan.
04:25
One key of creativity
is to not lock on that first idea.
is to not lock on that first idea.
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En vigtig kreativitetsfaktor er
ikke at låse sig fast på den første ide.
ikke at låse sig fast på den første ide.
04:28
Keep going.
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Fortsæt.
04:30
Keep coming up with new ones,
until you pick one or two to pursue.
until you pick one or two to pursue.
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Fortsæt med at komme op med nye,
indtil du finder en eller to at forfølge.
indtil du finder en eller to at forfølge.
04:35
You might worry that you don't want
to write them down,
to write them down,
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Du bekymre dig måske om at du ikke
får den skrevet ned,
får den skrevet ned,
04:38
because what if you forget them?
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fordi hvad nu hvis du glemte dem?
04:39
So the idea here is to speak them.
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Så ideen er at snakke om dem.
04:41
Everybody was speaking their new ideas.
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Alle sagde Deres nye ideer højt.
04:43
So you can put your headphones on
and record through your phone
and record through your phone
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Så du kan tage dine høretelefoner på og
optage på din telefon
optage på din telefon
04:47
and then just pretend you're having
a creative conversation, right?
a creative conversation, right?
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og forestille dig at du har en kreativ
samtale, ikke sandt?
samtale, ikke sandt?
04:50
Because the act of writing
your idea down is already a filter.
your idea down is already a filter.
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Fordi det at skrive din ide ned
gør at du kommer den i et filter.
gør at du kommer den i et filter.
04:54
You're going to be like,
"Is this good enough to write down?"
"Is this good enough to write down?"
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Du kommer til at være,
"er dette godt nok til at skrive ned?"
"er dette godt nok til at skrive ned?"
04:56
And then you write it down.
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Og så skriver du det ned.
04:58
So just speak as many as you can,
record them and think about them later.
record them and think about them later.
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Så sig endelig så mange højt du kan,
optage dem og tænk over dem senere.
optage dem og tænk over dem senere.
05:01
And finally: don't do this forever. Right?
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Og endelig: gør det ikke for evigt. Ikke?
05:04
If you're on the walk
and that idea's not coming to you,
and that idea's not coming to you,
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Hvis du går en tur
og der komme ingen nye ideer til dig,
og der komme ingen nye ideer til dig,
05:07
come back to it later at another time.
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kom tilbage senere på et andet tidspunkt.
05:10
I think we're coming up
on a break right now,
on a break right now,
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Jeg tror snart vi har pause,
05:12
so I have an idea:
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så jeg har en ide:
05:14
Why don't you grab a leash
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Hvorfor finder du ikke en snor
05:16
and take your thoughts for a walk?
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og tager dine ideer med ud på en tur?
05:19
Thank you.
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Mange tak.
05:20
(Applause)
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(Klapsalve)
Translated by Line Blicher
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Marily Oppezzo - Behavioral and learning scientistMarily Oppezzo studies how the movement of the body can affect the movement of the mind.
Why you should listen
Inheriting an energetic passion for health from her dad, Marily Oppezzo's past research has investigated ways to use the world to motivate healthy brains and healthy behaviors. She is currently an Instructor of Medicine at the Stanford Prevention Research Center. She is also working with Dr. Dan Schwartz to find out if fidgeting in the classroom may be a desirable cognitive tool rather than an irritating hallmark of inattention, and she's working with Dr. Margaret Neale and Dr. Jodi Prochaska to discover how walking may improve negotiation outcomes.
Along her way, Oppezzo has collected several souvenir lessons from her range of work and educational experiences:
Bartending:
1. The environment has incredible power to elicit and shape behaviors; and
2. Everyone has at least one interesting story in them.
Dietetics:
1. Biochemistry is fascinating;
2. We grant food immense powers. It can be simultaneously viewed as a vehicle of health, morality, social bonding, government conspiracy, inequality and pleasure; and
3. A plateful of knowledge doesn't always help the medicine go down.
Teaching / education:
1. Watching people learn, grow, and change is a deep gratification unique to teaching and behavior change work; and
2. Learning, like behavior change, takes distributed practice to become part of you. (We can’t binge-watch knowledge any more than we should pull flossing all-nighters).
Cardiac rehab:
1. Everyone has the capacity to be an inspiration and in surprising, unexpected ways; and
2. Health becomes incredibly valuable once you experience a true loss of it; and
3. Exercise is the ultimate multitasker: it can heal the brain, the heart and the body all at once.
Marily Oppezzo | Speaker | TED.com