TEDxStanford
Marily Oppezzo: Want to be more creative? Go for a walk
मेरीली ओप्पेज्जो: अधिक सृजनात्मक बनना चाहते हैं? टहलने जाईये।
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नए आईडिया कि तलाश में अक्सर हम सब एक पड़ाव पर आकर फंस जाते हैं. स्वभाव एवं अध्ययनविद मरिली ओप्पेज्जो की शोध के अनुसार, महज़ पैदल सैर पर जाने से आप रचनात्मक विचारों से परिपूर्ण हो सकते हैं. इस तेज चर्चा में वह बताती हैं कि कैसे पैदल चलने से आप अपनी अगली मंथन मीटिंग से ज्यादा से ज्यादा फायदा पा सकते हैं.
Marily Oppezzo - Behavioral and learning scientist
Marily Oppezzo studies how the movement of the body can affect the movement of the mind. Full bio
Marily Oppezzo studies how the movement of the body can affect the movement of the mind. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
The creative process -- you know this --
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आप जानते हैं कि रचनात्मक प्रक्रिया,
00:15
from the first idea to the final product,
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पहली कल्पना से लेकर अंतिम उत्पाद तक,
00:17
is a long process.
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एक लंबी प्रक्रिया है।
00:19
It's super-iterative, lots of refinement,
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यह पुनरावृत्तीय है, कई सुधार करने होते है,
00:22
blood, sweat, tears and years.
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खून, पसीना, आँसू और साल मांगती है.
00:24
And we're not saying
you're going to go out for a walk
you're going to go out for a walk
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और हम नहीं कह रहे हैं आप
टहलने के लिए जायेंगे,
टहलने के लिए जायेंगे,
00:27
and come back with the Sistine Chapel
in your left hand.
in your left hand.
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और आपके बाऐं हाथ में सिस्टिन चैपल
लेके वापस आयेंगे.
लेके वापस आयेंगे.
00:29
So what frame of the creative
process did we focus on?
process did we focus on?
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हमने इस प्रक्रिया के
किस भाग पर ध्यान दिया?
किस भाग पर ध्यान दिया?
00:32
Just this first part.
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बस पहला हिस्सा.
00:34
Just brainstorming,
coming up with a new idea.
coming up with a new idea.
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बस विचार मंथन,
एक नये विचार का जन्म.
एक नये विचार का जन्म.
हमने विभिन्न लोगों के साथ
चार परिक्षण किये,
चार परिक्षण किये,
00:38
We actually ran four studies
with a variety of people.
with a variety of people.
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जो पैदल चल रहे थे - भीतर या बाहर.
00:42
You were either walking
indoors or outdoors.
indoors or outdoors.
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00:44
And all of these studies
found the same conclusion.
found the same conclusion.
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इन चार परीक्षणों से एकजैसे निष्कर्ष निकले,
मैं उनमे से एक के बारे में बात करुँगी.
00:48
I'm only going to tell you
about one of them today.
about one of them today.
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हमने एक टेस्ट किया - दूसरे उपयोग.
00:51
One of the tests we used for creativity
was alternate uses.
was alternate uses.
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इसमें आपके पास चार मिनट हैं.
00:55
In this test, you have four minutes.
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00:57
Your job is to come up with as many other
ways to use common everyday objects
ways to use common everyday objects
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आपको रोज़मर्रा की चीज़ों के
दूसरे उपयोग बताने हैं
01:01
as you can think of.
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01:02
So, for example,
what else would you do with a key,
what else would you do with a key,
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मसलन, एक चाबी से आप और क्या कर सकते हैं,
01:05
other than to use it
for opening up a lock?
for opening up a lock?
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ताला खोलने के अलावा.
आप जिराफ़ की तीसरी आँख बना सकते हैं.
01:08
Clearly, you could use it
as a third eyeball for a giraffe, right?
as a third eyeball for a giraffe, right?
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01:12
Maybe. That's sort of interesting,
kind of new. But is it creative?
kind of new. But is it creative?
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ये दिलचस्प है, पर क्या ये रचनात्मक है?
लोगोंने ऐसे उपयोग बताये.
01:17
So people came up with
as many ideas as they could,
as many ideas as they could,
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और हमें तय करना था:
01:20
and we had to decide:
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01:21
Is this creative or not?
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क्या ये रचनात्मक है या नहीं?
रचनात्मकता की परिभाषा है,
01:24
The definition of creativity
that a lot of people go with
that a lot of people go with
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"उचित नवीनता".
01:27
is "appropriate novelty."
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01:29
For something to be appropriate,
it has to be realistic,
it has to be realistic,
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किसी चीज़ को उचित होने के लिए,
उसका संभव होना जरुरी है.
उसका संभव होना जरुरी है.
01:32
so unfortunately, you can't use
a key as an eyeball.
a key as an eyeball.
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इसलिए, चाबी को आँख की
तरह नहीं इस्तेमाल कर सकते.
01:36
Boo!
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01:37
But "novel," the second thing,
is that nobody had to have said it.
is that nobody had to have said it.
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"नवीन" मतलब किसी अन्य ने वह उपयोग बताया?
01:42
So for us, it had to be appropriate first,
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वह पहले उचित होना चाहिए,
और नवीन भी.
01:45
and then for novelty,
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हमने जितने लोगों का सर्वे किया,
किसी ने यह उत्तर नहीं दिया.
किसी ने यह उत्तर नहीं दिया.
01:46
nobody else in the entire population
that we surveyed could have said it.
that we surveyed could have said it.
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01:50
So you might think you could use
a key to scratch somebody's car,
a key to scratch somebody's car,
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अगर आप कहते हैं चाबी से कार में खरोंच
मार सकते हैं,
मार सकते हैं,
01:54
but if somebody else said that,
you didn't get credit for it.
you didn't get credit for it.
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किसीऔर ने यहीउत्तर दिया,
तो किसी का उत्तर सही नहीं माना जाएगा.
01:57
Neither of you did.
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01:58
However, only one person said this:
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एक व्यक्ति ने बोला:
"आप मरते मरते
02:02
"If you were dying
and it were a murder mystery,
and it were a murder mystery,
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अपने क़ातिल का नाम जमीन पर
02:05
and you had to carve the name
of the murderer into the ground
of the murderer into the ground
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चाबी से लिख सकते हैं."
02:08
with your dying words."
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एक व्यक्ति ने ये कहा.
02:10
One person said this.
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(हँसी)
02:11
(Laughter)
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ये रचनात्मक है, क्यूँकि ये उचित है
और नवीन भी.
और नवीन भी.
02:12
And it's a creative idea,
because it's appropriate and it's novel.
because it's appropriate and it's novel.
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लोग ये टेस्ट बैठे हुए कर सकते हैं,
02:16
You either did this test and came up
with ideas while you were seated
with ideas while you were seated
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या ट्रेडमिल पर चलते हुए.
02:19
or while you were walking on a treadmill.
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(हँसी)
02:22
(Laughter)
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वे इस टेस्ट को दो बार करते हैं,
अलग वस्तुओं के साथ.
अलग वस्तुओं के साथ.
02:24
They did the test twice,
with different objects.
with different objects.
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02:26
Three groups: the first group sat first
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1 ग्रुप पहले टेस्ट में बैठके उत्तर देता है
02:30
and then sat again for the second test.
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और दूसरे टेस्ट में भी बैठा रहता है.
2 ग्रुप पहले बैठ के उत्तर देता है,
02:32
The second group sat first
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और दूसरे टेस्ट में ट्रेडमिल पर चलते हुए.
02:35
and then did the second test
while walking on a treadmill.
while walking on a treadmill.
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3 ग्रुप - ये रोचक है -
02:38
The third group --
and this is interesting --
and this is interesting --
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पहले चलते हुए, और फिर बैठे हुए.
02:41
they walked on the treadmill first,
and then they sat.
and then they sat.
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02:44
OK, so the two groups
that sat together for the first test,
that sat together for the first test,
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जो ग्रुप पहले टेस्ट में बैठे हुए थे,
वे एक समान दिख रहे हैं,
02:48
they looked pretty similar to each other,
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उन्होंने दिए 20 आईडिया प्रति व्यक्ति.
02:50
and they averaged
about 20 creative ideas per person.
about 20 creative ideas per person.
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जो ग्रुप ट्रेडमिल पर चल रहा था,
02:54
The group that was walking
on the treadmill
on the treadmill
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वो दूसरों से दुगुने बेहतर थे.
02:56
did almost twice as well.
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और वे एक बिना खिड़की के कमरे में चल रहे थे.
02:59
And they were just walking
on a treadmill in a windowless room.
on a treadmill in a windowless room.
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याद रखिये, सबने टेस्ट दो बार दिया.
03:04
Remember, they took the test twice.
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जो दूसरी बार भी बैठकर
03:06
The people who sat twice for that second
test didn't get any better;
test didn't get any better;
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टेस्ट दे रहे थे, उनके परिणाम में
सुधार नहीं हुआ.
सुधार नहीं हुआ.
03:10
practice didn't help.
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पर जो पहले बैठे थे, फिर ट्रेडमिल
03:12
But these same people who were sitting
and then went on the treadmill
and then went on the treadmill
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पर गए, उनके परिणाम बेहतर हुए.
03:15
got a boost from walking.
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दिलचस्प ये है कि,
03:17
Here's the interesting thing.
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जिन्होंने पहले चलते हुए टेस्ट दिया,
03:19
The people who were
walking on the treadmill
walking on the treadmill
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03:21
still had a residue effect of the walking,
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उनको बाद में बैठे हुए भी फायदा मिला,
और वे बाद में भी रचनात्मक रहे.
03:24
and they were still creative afterwards.
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निष्कर्ष यह है की, आपको पैदल सैर पर जाना
03:26
So the implication of this
is that you should go for a walk
is that you should go for a walk
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चाहिए, अगली बड़ी मीटिंग से पहले.
03:29
before your next big meeting
and just start brainstorming right away.
and just start brainstorming right away.
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हम आपको 5 सुझाव देते हैं,
03:34
We have five tips for you
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03:36
that will help make this
the best effect possible.
the best effect possible.
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जो आपको बेहतरीन फायदा देंगे.
03:39
First, you want to pick a problem
or a topic to brainstorm.
or a topic to brainstorm.
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1: कोई विचारयोग्य समस्या या विषय चुनें.
03:44
So, this is not the shower effect,
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यह कोई "शावर इफ़ेक्ट" नहीं है,
03:46
when you're in the shower
and all of a sudden,
and all of a sudden,
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कि शावर लेते हुए अचानक एक नया आईडिया
03:48
a new idea pops out of the shampoo bottle.
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शैम्पू की बोतल से कूद पड़ेगा.
ये ऐसा विषय है, जिसके बारे में आप लम्बे
03:50
This is something
you're thinking about ahead of time.
you're thinking about ahead of time.
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समय से सोच रहे हैं और अब,
03:53
They're intentionally thinking about
brainstorming a different perspective
brainstorming a different perspective
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दूसरा दृष्टीकोण चाहते हैं.
03:57
on the walk.
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2. - ये मुझसे कई बार पुछा जाता है:
03:58
Secondly -- I get asked this a lot:
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क्या हम ये दौड़ते हुएकर सकते हैं?
04:00
Is this OK while running?
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04:02
Well, the answer for me
is that if I were running,
is that if I were running,
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सच में, अगर मैं दौड़ रही हूँ, तो मेरे दिमाग
में एक ही विचार आता है -
04:05
the only new idea I would have
would be to stop running, so ...
would be to stop running, so ...
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मैं कब रुकूंगी..... (हँसी).
04:09
(Laughter)
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04:10
But if running for you
is a comfortable pace, good.
is a comfortable pace, good.
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अगर आप दौड़ते वक़्त आराम से हैं, तो ठीक है.
कोई भी गतिविधि, जो ज्यादा ध्यान नहीं
खींचती, वो ठीक है.
खींचती, वो ठीक है.
04:14
It turns out, whatever physical
activity is not taking a lot of attention.
activity is not taking a lot of attention.
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04:18
So just walking at a comfortable
pace is a good choice.
pace is a good choice.
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इसलिए पैदल चलना अच्छा चुनाव है.
3. आपका ध्येय बहुत सारे आईडिया खोजना है,
04:22
Also, you want to come up with
as many ideas as you can.
as many ideas as you can.
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इसलिए पहले आईडिया पर अटके
04:25
One key of creativity
is to not lock on that first idea.
is to not lock on that first idea.
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मत रहिये, सोचते जाइये.
04:28
Keep going.
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04:30
Keep coming up with new ones,
until you pick one or two to pursue.
until you pick one or two to pursue.
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बहुत सारे नए आईडिया सोचिये, फिर 1 या 2
पर गहराई से विचार करें.
पर गहराई से विचार करें.
4. शायद आप सारे आईडिया लिखना चाहेंगे,
04:35
You might worry that you don't want
to write them down,
to write them down,
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ताकि आप इन्हें भूल न जाएँ.
04:38
because what if you forget them?
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इसके लिए उनको बोलते रहिये.
04:39
So the idea here is to speak them.
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04:41
Everybody was speaking their new ideas.
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सब अपने आईडिया के बारे में बोलेंगे
04:43
So you can put your headphones on
and record through your phone
and record through your phone
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और आप उनको फ़ोन पर रिकॉर्ड कर सकते हैं.
बाद में उनपर वार्ता कर सकते हैं.
04:47
and then just pretend you're having
a creative conversation, right?
a creative conversation, right?
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आईडिया लिखने से, पहलेही छंटनी करने लगेंगे.
04:50
Because the act of writing
your idea down is already a filter.
your idea down is already a filter.
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आप सोचेंगे- ये लिखना चाहिए?
04:54
You're going to be like,
"Is this good enough to write down?"
"Is this good enough to write down?"
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फिर शायद लिखें या न लिखें.
04:56
And then you write it down.
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इसलिए आईडिया के बारे में बोलिए, रिकॉर्ड
कीजिये.
कीजिये.
04:58
So just speak as many as you can,
record them and think about them later.
record them and think about them later.
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5. इसको लगातार मत करते बैठिये.
05:01
And finally: don't do this forever. Right?
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अगर आप चल रहे हैं और आपको आईडिया नहीं
05:04
If you're on the walk
and that idea's not coming to you,
and that idea's not coming to you,
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आ रहा, तो उसे किसी और समय पर करें.
05:07
come back to it later at another time.
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शायद अब ब्रेक का समय हो गया.
05:10
I think we're coming up
on a break right now,
on a break right now,
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तो मेरा एक सुझाव है:
05:12
so I have an idea:
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05:14
Why don't you grab a leash
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आप अपने विचारों के साथ क्यों न
05:16
and take your thoughts for a walk?
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पैदल सैर करने चले जायें.
धन्यवाद.
05:19
Thank you.
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(तालियाँ और प्रशंसा)
05:20
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Marily Oppezzo - Behavioral and learning scientistMarily Oppezzo studies how the movement of the body can affect the movement of the mind.
Why you should listen
Inheriting an energetic passion for health from her dad, Marily Oppezzo's past research has investigated ways to use the world to motivate healthy brains and healthy behaviors. She is currently an Instructor of Medicine at the Stanford Prevention Research Center. She is also working with Dr. Dan Schwartz to find out if fidgeting in the classroom may be a desirable cognitive tool rather than an irritating hallmark of inattention, and she's working with Dr. Margaret Neale and Dr. Jodi Prochaska to discover how walking may improve negotiation outcomes.
Along her way, Oppezzo has collected several souvenir lessons from her range of work and educational experiences:
Bartending:
1. The environment has incredible power to elicit and shape behaviors; and
2. Everyone has at least one interesting story in them.
Dietetics:
1. Biochemistry is fascinating;
2. We grant food immense powers. It can be simultaneously viewed as a vehicle of health, morality, social bonding, government conspiracy, inequality and pleasure; and
3. A plateful of knowledge doesn't always help the medicine go down.
Teaching / education:
1. Watching people learn, grow, and change is a deep gratification unique to teaching and behavior change work; and
2. Learning, like behavior change, takes distributed practice to become part of you. (We can’t binge-watch knowledge any more than we should pull flossing all-nighters).
Cardiac rehab:
1. Everyone has the capacity to be an inspiration and in surprising, unexpected ways; and
2. Health becomes incredibly valuable once you experience a true loss of it; and
3. Exercise is the ultimate multitasker: it can heal the brain, the heart and the body all at once.
Marily Oppezzo | Speaker | TED.com