TEDxStanford
Marily Oppezzo: Want to be more creative? Go for a walk
Marily Oppezzo: Želite biti kreativniji? Idite u šetnju
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Svi smo se susreli s kreativnom blokadom kada smo pokušali smisliti nešto novo. No, sudeći prema istraživanju Marily Oppezzo, stručnjakinje za ponašanje i učenje, odlazak u šetnju bi mogao biti sve što vam treba da potakne vašu kreativnost. U ovom zabavnom i kratkom govoru, ona objašnjava kako će vam šetnja pomoći sljedeći puta kada morate biti kreativni.
Marily Oppezzo - Behavioral and learning scientist
Marily Oppezzo studies how the movement of the body can affect the movement of the mind. Full bio
Marily Oppezzo studies how the movement of the body can affect the movement of the mind. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
The creative process -- you know this --
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Kreativni je proces -- to vam je poznato --
00:15
from the first idea to the final product,
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od prvotne ideje do konačnog rezultata,
00:17
is a long process.
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jako dug proces.
00:19
It's super-iterative, lots of refinement,
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Uključuje puno ponavljanja, usavršavanja,
00:22
blood, sweat, tears and years.
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krvi, znoja, suza i godina.
00:24
And we're not saying
you're going to go out for a walk
you're going to go out for a walk
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Ne kažem da ćete otići u šetnju
i vratiti se s idejom kako
oslikati Sikstinsku kapelu.
oslikati Sikstinsku kapelu.
00:27
and come back with the Sistine Chapel
in your left hand.
in your left hand.
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Dakle, na koji se dio kreativnog
procesa usredotočujemo?
procesa usredotočujemo?
00:29
So what frame of the creative
process did we focus on?
process did we focus on?
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Samo na prvi dio.
00:32
Just this first part.
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00:34
Just brainstorming,
coming up with a new idea.
coming up with a new idea.
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Samo na razmišljanje
i smišljanje novih ideja.
i smišljanje novih ideja.
00:38
We actually ran four studies
with a variety of people.
with a variety of people.
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Napravili smo četiri istraživanja
s različitim ljudima.
s različitim ljudima.
00:42
You were either walking
indoors or outdoors.
indoors or outdoors.
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Šetali su ili u prostoriji ili vani.
00:44
And all of these studies
found the same conclusion.
found the same conclusion.
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I sva istraživanja dovela su
do istog zaključka.
do istog zaključka.
00:48
I'm only going to tell you
about one of them today.
about one of them today.
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Danas ću vam govoriti
samo o jednom istraživanju.
samo o jednom istraživanju.
00:51
One of the tests we used for creativity
was alternate uses.
was alternate uses.
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Jedan od testova za ispitivanje
kreativnosti je alternativna upotreba.
kreativnosti je alternativna upotreba.
00:55
In this test, you have four minutes.
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U tom testu imate četiri minute.
00:57
Your job is to come up with as many other
ways to use common everyday objects
ways to use common everyday objects
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Morate smisliti što više različitih
načina upotrebe predmeta
načina upotrebe predmeta
01:01
as you can think of.
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koje koristite svaki dan.
01:02
So, for example,
what else would you do with a key,
what else would you do with a key,
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Dakle, što još možete napraviti
koristeći ključ,
koristeći ključ,
01:05
other than to use it
for opening up a lock?
for opening up a lock?
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osim što ga koristite
za otključavanje brave?
za otključavanje brave?
01:08
Clearly, you could use it
as a third eyeball for a giraffe, right?
as a third eyeball for a giraffe, right?
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Očito ga možete dati žirafi
kao treće oko, zar ne?
kao treće oko, zar ne?
01:12
Maybe. That's sort of interesting,
kind of new. But is it creative?
kind of new. But is it creative?
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Možda. To je zanimljivo i novo.
Ali, je li kreativno?
Ali, je li kreativno?
01:17
So people came up with
as many ideas as they could,
as many ideas as they could,
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Ljudi su imali svakakve ideje
01:20
and we had to decide:
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i mi smo morali odlučiti:
01:21
Is this creative or not?
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je li to kreativno ili nije?
01:24
The definition of creativity
that a lot of people go with
that a lot of people go with
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Većina ljudi definira kreativnost
01:27
is "appropriate novelty."
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kao "prikladni novitet".
01:29
For something to be appropriate,
it has to be realistic,
it has to be realistic,
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Da bi nešto bilo prikladno,
mora biti realistično,
mora biti realistično,
01:32
so unfortunately, you can't use
a key as an eyeball.
a key as an eyeball.
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tako da, nažalost, ne možemo
upotrijebiti ključ kao oko.
upotrijebiti ključ kao oko.
01:36
Boo!
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Buu!
Ali "novitet" je, druga stvar,
da to nitko prije nije rekao.
da to nitko prije nije rekao.
01:37
But "novel," the second thing,
is that nobody had to have said it.
is that nobody had to have said it.
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01:42
So for us, it had to be appropriate first,
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Nama je prvo bilo važno da je prikladno,
01:45
and then for novelty,
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a novo je bilo tek onda
01:46
nobody else in the entire population
that we surveyed could have said it.
that we surveyed could have said it.
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ako nitko drugi od ispitanika
to nije bio rekao.
to nije bio rekao.
01:50
So you might think you could use
a key to scratch somebody's car,
a key to scratch somebody's car,
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Dakle, mogli ste iskoristiti ključ
da nekome izgrebete auto,
da nekome izgrebete auto,
01:54
but if somebody else said that,
you didn't get credit for it.
you didn't get credit for it.
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ali ako je netko drugi isto to rekao,
niste dobili bodove.
niste dobili bodove.
Nitko od vas nije.
01:57
Neither of you did.
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01:58
However, only one person said this:
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Međutim, samo je jedna osoba rekla ovo:
02:02
"If you were dying
and it were a murder mystery,
and it were a murder mystery,
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"Ako umirete i radi se o ubojstvu
02:05
and you had to carve the name
of the murderer into the ground
of the murderer into the ground
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i morate urezati ime ubojice u zemlju,
zajedno sa svojim posljednjim riječima."
02:08
with your dying words."
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02:10
One person said this.
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Jedna je osoba to rekla.
02:11
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
I to je kreativna ideja
jer je prikladna i nova.
jer je prikladna i nova.
02:12
And it's a creative idea,
because it's appropriate and it's novel.
because it's appropriate and it's novel.
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Ovaj test i smišljanje ideja
radili ste sjedeći
radili ste sjedeći
02:16
You either did this test and came up
with ideas while you were seated
with ideas while you were seated
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02:19
or while you were walking on a treadmill.
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ili hodajući po pokretnoj traci.
02:22
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
02:24
They did the test twice,
with different objects.
with different objects.
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Test je proveden dva puta
različitim predmetima.
različitim predmetima.
02:26
Three groups: the first group sat first
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Tri grupe: prva grupa je prvo sjedila
02:30
and then sat again for the second test.
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i onda opet sjedila
tijekom drugog testiranja.
tijekom drugog testiranja.
02:32
The second group sat first
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Druga grupa je prvo sjedila,
02:35
and then did the second test
while walking on a treadmill.
while walking on a treadmill.
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a zatim hodala po pokretnoj traci.
02:38
The third group --
and this is interesting --
and this is interesting --
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Treća grupa - i ovo je zanimljivo -
02:41
they walked on the treadmill first,
and then they sat.
and then they sat.
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prvo je hodala po traci, a zatim sjedila.
02:44
OK, so the two groups
that sat together for the first test,
that sat together for the first test,
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Dakle, dvije grupe koje su sjedile
tijekom prvog testiranja,
tijekom prvog testiranja,
02:48
they looked pretty similar to each other,
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izgledale su jako slično
i proizvele u prosjeku
oko 20 kreativnih ideja po osobi.
oko 20 kreativnih ideja po osobi.
02:50
and they averaged
about 20 creative ideas per person.
about 20 creative ideas per person.
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02:54
The group that was walking
on the treadmill
on the treadmill
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Grupa koja je hodala pokretnom trakom
02:56
did almost twice as well.
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bila je dvostruko uspješnija.
02:59
And they were just walking
on a treadmill in a windowless room.
on a treadmill in a windowless room.
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A samo su hodali trakom
u prostoriji bez prozora.
u prostoriji bez prozora.
03:04
Remember, they took the test twice.
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Sjetite se, dva puta su polagali test.
Ispitanici koji su dva puta sjedili
nisu se poboljšali;
nisu se poboljšali;
03:06
The people who sat twice for that second
test didn't get any better;
test didn't get any better;
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03:10
practice didn't help.
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vježba nije pomogla.
03:12
But these same people who were sitting
and then went on the treadmill
and then went on the treadmill
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No, na one koji su sjedili,
a zatim bili na traci za hodanje,
a zatim bili na traci za hodanje,
hodanje je djelovalo kao poticaj.
03:15
got a boost from walking.
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03:17
Here's the interesting thing.
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Evo zanimljive činjenice.
03:19
The people who were
walking on the treadmill
walking on the treadmill
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Ispitanici koji su hodali na traci
03:21
still had a residue effect of the walking,
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još uvijek su osjećali učinke tog hodanja
03:24
and they were still creative afterwards.
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i kasnije su još uvijek bili kreativni.
03:26
So the implication of this
is that you should go for a walk
is that you should go for a walk
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To znači da biste prije
sljedećeg važnog sastanka
sljedećeg važnog sastanka
03:29
before your next big meeting
and just start brainstorming right away.
and just start brainstorming right away.
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trebali otići u šetnju i odmah
početi razmišljati o novim idejama.
početi razmišljati o novim idejama.
03:34
We have five tips for you
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Imamo 5 savjeta za vas
03:36
that will help make this
the best effect possible.
the best effect possible.
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koji će vam pomoći da to napravite
na najbolji mogući način.
na najbolji mogući način.
Prvo, odaberite problem ili
temu o kojoj ćete razmišljati.
temu o kojoj ćete razmišljati.
03:39
First, you want to pick a problem
or a topic to brainstorm.
or a topic to brainstorm.
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03:44
So, this is not the shower effect,
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Dakle, ovo nije isto kao kad se tuširate,
03:46
when you're in the shower
and all of a sudden,
and all of a sudden,
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kada ste pod tušem i odjednom vam
iz boce šampona iskoči nova ideja.
03:48
a new idea pops out of the shampoo bottle.
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To je nešto o čemu ste već razmišljali.
03:50
This is something
you're thinking about ahead of time.
you're thinking about ahead of time.
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I namjerno razmišljate
o drugačijem stajalištu
o drugačijem stajalištu
03:53
They're intentionally thinking about
brainstorming a different perspective
brainstorming a different perspective
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tijekom šetnje.
03:57
on the walk.
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03:58
Secondly -- I get asked this a lot:
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Drugo - ovo me često pitaju:
04:00
Is this OK while running?
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funkcionira li to i kada trčim?
04:02
Well, the answer for me
is that if I were running,
is that if I were running,
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Što se mene tiče, ako trčim,
04:05
the only new idea I would have
would be to stop running, so ...
would be to stop running, so ...
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jedino bih razmišljala o tome
da prestanem trčati, tako da...
da prestanem trčati, tako da...
04:09
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:10
But if running for you
is a comfortable pace, good.
is a comfortable pace, good.
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No, ako se vi osjećate ugodno
kad trčite, onda u redu.
kad trčite, onda u redu.
Dakle, dobra je bilo koja fizička
aktivnost koja ne zahtjeva puno pažnje.
aktivnost koja ne zahtjeva puno pažnje.
04:14
It turns out, whatever physical
activity is not taking a lot of attention.
activity is not taking a lot of attention.
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04:18
So just walking at a comfortable
pace is a good choice.
pace is a good choice.
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Dobro je i da samo opušteno hodate.
04:22
Also, you want to come up with
as many ideas as you can.
as many ideas as you can.
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Nadalje, želite smisliti što više ideja.
Kod kreativnosti je važno
da ne stanete kod prve ideje.
da ne stanete kod prve ideje.
04:25
One key of creativity
is to not lock on that first idea.
is to not lock on that first idea.
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04:28
Keep going.
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Nastavite dalje.
Smišljajte nove ideje dok ne odaberete
jednu ili dvije koje ćete isprobati.
jednu ili dvije koje ćete isprobati.
04:30
Keep coming up with new ones,
until you pick one or two to pursue.
until you pick one or two to pursue.
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04:35
You might worry that you don't want
to write them down,
to write them down,
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Možda će vas brinuti
što ih nećete zapisati,
što ih nećete zapisati,
jer što ako ih zaboravite?
04:38
because what if you forget them?
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Ovdje je stvar u tome da ih izgovorite.
04:39
So the idea here is to speak them.
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Svatko je izgovarao svoje nove ideje.
04:41
Everybody was speaking their new ideas.
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Možete staviti slušalice,
snimiti se mobitelom
snimiti se mobitelom
04:43
So you can put your headphones on
and record through your phone
and record through your phone
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04:47
and then just pretend you're having
a creative conversation, right?
a creative conversation, right?
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i zatim zamisliti da vodite
kreativan razgovor, zar ne?
kreativan razgovor, zar ne?
04:50
Because the act of writing
your idea down is already a filter.
your idea down is already a filter.
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Jer zapisivanje ideje
je već čin filtriranja.
je već čin filtriranja.
Pomislit ćete "Vrijedi li ovo zapisati?"
04:54
You're going to be like,
"Is this good enough to write down?"
"Is this good enough to write down?"
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Zatim ćete zapisati.
Zato ih izgovorite što više, snimite
i kasnije razmislite o njima.
i kasnije razmislite o njima.
04:56
And then you write it down.
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04:58
So just speak as many as you can,
record them and think about them later.
record them and think about them later.
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I na kraju: nemojte to
predugo raditi. U redu?
predugo raditi. U redu?
05:01
And finally: don't do this forever. Right?
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05:04
If you're on the walk
and that idea's not coming to you,
and that idea's not coming to you,
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Ako šećete i nemate nikakvih ideja,
05:07
come back to it later at another time.
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vratite se tome neki drugi put kasnije.
05:10
I think we're coming up
on a break right now,
on a break right now,
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Mislim da nam sad slijedi pauza
05:12
so I have an idea:
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pa imam ideju:
05:14
Why don't you grab a leash
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Zašto ne biste uzeli povodac
05:16
and take your thoughts for a walk?
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i izveli svoje misli u šetnju?
05:19
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
05:20
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Marily Oppezzo - Behavioral and learning scientistMarily Oppezzo studies how the movement of the body can affect the movement of the mind.
Why you should listen
Inheriting an energetic passion for health from her dad, Marily Oppezzo's past research has investigated ways to use the world to motivate healthy brains and healthy behaviors. She is currently an Instructor of Medicine at the Stanford Prevention Research Center. She is also working with Dr. Dan Schwartz to find out if fidgeting in the classroom may be a desirable cognitive tool rather than an irritating hallmark of inattention, and she's working with Dr. Margaret Neale and Dr. Jodi Prochaska to discover how walking may improve negotiation outcomes.
Along her way, Oppezzo has collected several souvenir lessons from her range of work and educational experiences:
Bartending:
1. The environment has incredible power to elicit and shape behaviors; and
2. Everyone has at least one interesting story in them.
Dietetics:
1. Biochemistry is fascinating;
2. We grant food immense powers. It can be simultaneously viewed as a vehicle of health, morality, social bonding, government conspiracy, inequality and pleasure; and
3. A plateful of knowledge doesn't always help the medicine go down.
Teaching / education:
1. Watching people learn, grow, and change is a deep gratification unique to teaching and behavior change work; and
2. Learning, like behavior change, takes distributed practice to become part of you. (We can’t binge-watch knowledge any more than we should pull flossing all-nighters).
Cardiac rehab:
1. Everyone has the capacity to be an inspiration and in surprising, unexpected ways; and
2. Health becomes incredibly valuable once you experience a true loss of it; and
3. Exercise is the ultimate multitasker: it can heal the brain, the heart and the body all at once.
Marily Oppezzo | Speaker | TED.com