ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Marily Oppezzo - Behavioral and learning scientist
Marily Oppezzo studies how the movement of the body can affect the movement of the mind.

Why you should listen

Inheriting an energetic passion for health from her dad, Marily Oppezzo's past research has investigated ways to use the world to motivate healthy brains and healthy behaviors. She is currently an Instructor of Medicine at the Stanford Prevention Research Center. She is also working with Dr. Dan Schwartz to find out if fidgeting in the classroom may be a desirable cognitive tool rather than an irritating hallmark of inattention, and she's working with Dr. Margaret Neale and Dr. Jodi Prochaska to discover how walking may improve negotiation outcomes.

Along her way, Oppezzo has collected several souvenir lessons from her range of work and educational experiences:

Bartending:
1. The environment has incredible power to elicit and shape behaviors; and
2. Everyone has at least one interesting story in them.
 
Dietetics:
1. Biochemistry is fascinating;
2. We grant food immense powers. It can be simultaneously viewed as a vehicle of health, morality, social bonding, government conspiracy, inequality and pleasure; and
3. A plateful of knowledge doesn't always help the medicine go down.  
 
Teaching / education:
1. Watching people learn, grow, and change is a deep gratification unique to teaching and behavior change work; and
2. Learning, like behavior change, takes distributed practice to become part of you. (We can’t binge-watch knowledge any more than we should pull flossing all-nighters).
 
Cardiac rehab:
1. Everyone has the capacity to be an inspiration and in surprising, unexpected ways; and
2. Health becomes incredibly valuable once you experience a true loss of it; and
3. Exercise is the ultimate multitasker: it can heal the brain, the heart and the body all at once.

More profile about the speaker
Marily Oppezzo | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxStanford

Marily Oppezzo: Want to be more creative? Go for a walk

Marily Oppezzo: Quer ser mais criativo? Faça uma caminhada

Filmed:
3,727,050 views

Quando tentamos surgir com uma nova ideia, todos nós temos momentos em que ficamos empacados. Mas, de acordo com uma pesquisa da cientista comportamental e de aprendizado, Marily Oppezzo, levantar-se e caminhar pode ser tudo o que precisamos para começarmos a pensar de forma rápida e criativa. Nesta palestra divertida e rápida, ela explica como caminhar pode ajudar você a tirar o melhor proveito de seu próximo "brainstorm".
- Behavioral and learning scientist
Marily Oppezzo studies how the movement of the body can affect the movement of the mind. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
The creative process -- you know this --
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O processo criativo, vocês sabem disso,
da ideia inicial ao produto final,
00:15
from the first idea to the final product,
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é um processo longo.
00:17
is a long process.
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É superiterativo, muito refinado,
00:19
It's super-iterative, lots of refinement,
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sangue, suor, lágrimas e anos.
00:22
blood, sweat, tears and years.
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00:24
And we're not saying
you're going to go out for a walk
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Não é que sairemos para caminhar
e voltaremos com a Capela Sistina
na mão esquerda.
00:27
and come back with the Sistine Chapel
in your left hand.
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Em qual estrutura do processo
criativo nos concentramos,
00:29
So what frame of the creative
process did we focus on?
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apenas na primeira parte,
00:32
Just this first part.
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00:34
Just brainstorming,
coming up with a new idea.
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somente no "brainstorming",
surgindo com uma nova ideia?
Na verdade, realizamos
quatro estudos com várias pessoas,
00:38
We actually ran four studies
with a variety of people.
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caminhando em ambientes
fechados ou ao ar livre,
00:42
You were either walking
indoors or outdoors.
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e todos esses estudos
chegaram à mesma conclusão.
00:44
And all of these studies
found the same conclusion.
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Só falarei a vocês sobre um deles hoje.
00:48
I'm only going to tell you
about one of them today.
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Um dos testes para a criatividade
foi o de usos alternados.
00:51
One of the tests we used for creativity
was alternate uses.
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Nesse teste, temos quatro minutos.
00:55
In this test, you have four minutes.
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E a tarefa é imaginar
outros modos possíveis
00:57
Your job is to come up with as many other
ways to use common everyday objects
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de utilizar os objetos
comuns do dia a dia.
01:01
as you can think of.
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Por exemplo, o que mais
podemos fazer com uma chave,
01:02
So, for example,
what else would you do with a key,
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além de usá-la para abrir uma fechadura?
01:05
other than to use it
for opening up a lock?
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Certamente, poderíamos usá-la
01:08
Clearly, you could use it
as a third eyeball for a giraffe, right?
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como um terceiro globo ocular
para uma girafa, não é mesmo?
Talvez; isso é um tanto
interessante e novo.
01:12
Maybe. That's sort of interesting,
kind of new. But is it creative?
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Mas é criativo?
As pessoas tiveram
o máximo de ideias possível,
01:17
So people came up with
as many ideas as they could,
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e tivemos que decidir:
isso é criativo ou não?
01:20
and we had to decide:
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01:21
Is this creative or not?
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A definição de criatividade
com a qual muitos concordam
01:24
The definition of creativity
that a lot of people go with
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01:27
is "appropriate novelty."
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é "novidade apropriada".
Para algo ser apropriado,
tem que ser realista.
01:29
For something to be appropriate,
it has to be realistic,
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01:32
so unfortunately, you can't use
a key as an eyeball.
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Então, infelizmente, não podemos usar
uma chave como globo ocular.
01:36
Boo!
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Mas, o "novo", a segunda coisa,
é aquilo que ninguém tenha dito.
01:37
But "novel," the second thing,
is that nobody had to have said it.
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Para nós, tinha que ser,
antes de tudo, apropriado,
01:42
So for us, it had to be appropriate first,
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01:45
and then for novelty,
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e depois uma novidade,
que ninguém em toda a população
pesquisada pudesse ter dito.
01:46
nobody else in the entire population
that we surveyed could have said it.
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Poderíamos pensar em usar uma chave
para riscar o carro de alguém,
01:50
So you might think you could use
a key to scratch somebody's car,
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01:54
but if somebody else said that,
you didn't get credit for it.
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mas, se mais alguém dissesse isso,
nenhum de nós ganharia crédito pela ideia.
01:57
Neither of you did.
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No entanto, apenas uma pessoa disse:
01:58
However, only one person said this:
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"Se você estivesse morrendo
e fosse um assassinato misterioso,
02:02
"If you were dying
and it were a murder mystery,
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02:05
and you had to carve the name
of the murderer into the ground
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você poderia gravar o nome
do assassino no chão
com as suas últimas palavras".
02:08
with your dying words."
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Uma pessoa disse isso.
02:10
One person said this.
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(Risos)
02:11
(Laughter)
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É uma ideia criativa,
porque é apropriada e nova.
02:12
And it's a creative idea,
because it's appropriate and it's novel.
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Ou você fazia esse teste e tinha ideias
enquanto estava sentado
02:16
You either did this test and came up
with ideas while you were seated
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ou enquanto estava caminhando na esteira.
02:19
or while you were walking on a treadmill.
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(Risos)
02:22
(Laughter)
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02:24
They did the test twice,
with different objects.
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Eles fizeram o teste duas vezes,
com diferentes objetos.
Três grupos: o primeiro grupo
se sentou primeiro
02:26
Three groups: the first group sat first
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e depois se sentou novamente
para o segundo teste.
02:30
and then sat again for the second test.
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O segundo grupo se sentou primeiro
02:32
The second group sat first
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02:35
and then did the second test
while walking on a treadmill.
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e depois fez o segundo teste
enquanto caminhava na esteira.
02:38
The third group --
and this is interesting --
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O terceiro grupo, e isto é interessante,
caminhou na esteira primeiro
e depois se sentou.
02:41
they walked on the treadmill first,
and then they sat.
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Está bem, os dois grupos que se sentaram
juntos para o primeiro teste
02:44
OK, so the two groups
that sat together for the first test,
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02:48
they looked pretty similar to each other,
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eram bem parecidos entre si,
e alcançaram uma média de aproximadamente
20 ideias criativas por pessoa.
02:50
and they averaged
about 20 creative ideas per person.
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02:54
The group that was walking
on the treadmill
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O grupo que estava caminhando na esteira
teve quase o dobro de ideias.
02:56
did almost twice as well.
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E estava apenas caminhando na esteira
em um quarto sem janelas.
02:59
And they were just walking
on a treadmill in a windowless room.
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Lembrem-se: eles fizeram
o teste duas vezes.
03:04
Remember, they took the test twice.
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As pessoas que se sentaram duas vezes
para esse segundo teste não melhoraram;
03:06
The people who sat twice for that second
test didn't get any better;
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a prática não ajudou.
03:10
practice didn't help.
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03:12
But these same people who were sitting
and then went on the treadmill
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Mas as que estavam sentadas
e depois foram para a esteira
ganharam um estímulo por caminhar.
03:15
got a boost from walking.
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Aqui está o fato interessante.
03:17
Here's the interesting thing.
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As pessoas que estavam
caminhando na esteira
03:19
The people who were
walking on the treadmill
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ainda tinham o efeito
residual da caminhada,
03:21
still had a residue effect of the walking,
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e permaneciam criativas depois.
03:24
and they were still creative afterwards.
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Isso implica que devemos caminhar
antes de nossa próxima grande reunião
03:26
So the implication of this
is that you should go for a walk
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03:29
before your next big meeting
and just start brainstorming right away.
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e começar o brainstorming imediatamente.
03:34
We have five tips for you
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Temos cinco dicas para vocês
que ajudarão a fazer disso
o melhor resultado possível.
03:36
that will help make this
the best effect possible.
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Primeiro, temos que escolher um problema
ou um assunto para o "brainstorm".
03:39
First, you want to pick a problem
or a topic to brainstorm.
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Isso não é o "efeito do chuveiro",
quando estamos no chuveiro,
03:44
So, this is not the shower effect,
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03:46
when you're in the shower
and all of a sudden,
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e, do nada, sai uma nova ideia
do frasco de xampu.
03:48
a new idea pops out of the shampoo bottle.
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É algo que estamos pensando
com antecedência.
03:50
This is something
you're thinking about ahead of time.
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Pensam de propósito em brainstorming
sob uma perspectiva diferente na caminhada
03:53
They're intentionally thinking about
brainstorming a different perspective
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03:57
on the walk.
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Segundo, fazem muito esta pergunta:
03:58
Secondly -- I get asked this a lot:
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"Dá certo enquanto estamos correndo?"
04:00
Is this OK while running?
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Bem, a resposta para mim
é que, se eu estivesse correndo,
04:02
Well, the answer for me
is that if I were running,
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a única ideia nova que eu teria
seria parar de correr, então...
04:05
the only new idea I would have
would be to stop running, so ...
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(Risos)
04:09
(Laughter)
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Mas, se correr para vocês
é um ritmo confortável, está bem.
04:10
But if running for you
is a comfortable pace, good.
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Dá certo, seja qual for a atividade física
que não esteja exigindo muita atenção.
04:14
It turns out, whatever physical
activity is not taking a lot of attention.
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Portanto, apenas caminhar num ritmo
confortável é uma boa escolha.
04:18
So just walking at a comfortable
pace is a good choice.
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Também queremos ter
o máximo de ideias possível.
04:22
Also, you want to come up with
as many ideas as you can.
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O segredo da criatividade
é não travar na primeira ideia.
04:25
One key of creativity
is to not lock on that first idea.
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Sigam em frente.
04:28
Keep going.
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Continuem surgindo com novas ideias,
até escolher uma ou duas para se dedicar.
04:30
Keep coming up with new ones,
until you pick one or two to pursue.
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Podemos nos preocupar
em não querer anotá-las,
04:35
You might worry that you don't want
to write them down,
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porque e se as esquecermos?
04:38
because what if you forget them?
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Então, a ideia é falar as ideias.
04:39
So the idea here is to speak them.
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Todos estavam falando as novas ideias.
04:41
Everybody was speaking their new ideas.
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Podemos colocar nossos fones
de ouvido e gravar pelo celular
04:43
So you can put your headphones on
and record through your phone
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e depois só fingir que estamos tendo
uma conversa criativa, certo?
04:47
and then just pretend you're having
a creative conversation, right?
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Porque o ato de anotar
a ideia já é um filtro.
04:50
Because the act of writing
your idea down is already a filter.
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Pensamos: "Isso é bom o bastante
para anotar?", e então anotamos.
04:54
You're going to be like,
"Is this good enough to write down?"
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04:56
And then you write it down.
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Falem o máximo que puderem,
gravem as ideias e pensem nelas depois.
04:58
So just speak as many as you can,
record them and think about them later.
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E, finalmente: não façam isso
para sempre, está bem?
05:01
And finally: don't do this forever. Right?
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Se estiverem caminhando
e a ideia não vier para vocês,
05:04
If you're on the walk
and that idea's not coming to you,
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voltem para isso mais tarde em outra hora.
05:07
come back to it later at another time.
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Acho que estamos chegando
a um intervalo neste momento.
05:10
I think we're coming up
on a break right now,
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Então, tenho uma ideia:
05:12
so I have an idea:
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porque vocês não pegam uma coleira
e levam seus pensamentos para passear?
05:14
Why don't you grab a leash
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05:16
and take your thoughts for a walk?
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05:19
Thank you.
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Obrigada.
(Aplausos)
05:20
(Applause)
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Translated by Maurício Kakuei Tanaka
Reviewed by Maricene Crus

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Marily Oppezzo - Behavioral and learning scientist
Marily Oppezzo studies how the movement of the body can affect the movement of the mind.

Why you should listen

Inheriting an energetic passion for health from her dad, Marily Oppezzo's past research has investigated ways to use the world to motivate healthy brains and healthy behaviors. She is currently an Instructor of Medicine at the Stanford Prevention Research Center. She is also working with Dr. Dan Schwartz to find out if fidgeting in the classroom may be a desirable cognitive tool rather than an irritating hallmark of inattention, and she's working with Dr. Margaret Neale and Dr. Jodi Prochaska to discover how walking may improve negotiation outcomes.

Along her way, Oppezzo has collected several souvenir lessons from her range of work and educational experiences:

Bartending:
1. The environment has incredible power to elicit and shape behaviors; and
2. Everyone has at least one interesting story in them.
 
Dietetics:
1. Biochemistry is fascinating;
2. We grant food immense powers. It can be simultaneously viewed as a vehicle of health, morality, social bonding, government conspiracy, inequality and pleasure; and
3. A plateful of knowledge doesn't always help the medicine go down.  
 
Teaching / education:
1. Watching people learn, grow, and change is a deep gratification unique to teaching and behavior change work; and
2. Learning, like behavior change, takes distributed practice to become part of you. (We can’t binge-watch knowledge any more than we should pull flossing all-nighters).
 
Cardiac rehab:
1. Everyone has the capacity to be an inspiration and in surprising, unexpected ways; and
2. Health becomes incredibly valuable once you experience a true loss of it; and
3. Exercise is the ultimate multitasker: it can heal the brain, the heart and the body all at once.

More profile about the speaker
Marily Oppezzo | Speaker | TED.com