ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ian Ritchie - Software entrepreneur
Ian Ritchie

Why you should listen

Ian Ritchie is chair of iomart plc. and several other computer and learning businesses, including Computer Application Services Ltd., the Interactive Design Institute and Caspian Learning Ltd. He is co-chair of the Scottish Science Advisory Council, a board member of the Edinburgh International Science Festival and the chair of Our Dynamic Earth, the Edinburgh Science Centre.

Ritchie founded and managed Office Workstations Limited (OWL) in Edinburgh in 1984 and its subsidiary OWL International Inc. in Seattle from 1985. OWL became the first and largest supplier of Hypertext/Hypermedia authoring tools (a forerunner to the World Wide Web) for personal computers based on its Guide product. OWL's customers used its systems to implement large interactive multimedia documentation systems in industry sectors such as automobile, defence, publishing, finance, and education. OWL was sold to Matsushita Electrical Industrial (Panasonic) of Japan in December 1989. He is the author of New Media Publishing: Opportunities from the digital revolution (1996).

He was awarded a CBE in the 2003 New Years Honours list for services to enterprise and education; he is a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering; a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh; and a Fellow and a past-President of the British Computer Society (1998-99). 

More profile about the speaker
Ian Ritchie | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2011

Ian Ritchie: The day I turned down Tim Berners-Lee

Ian Ritchie: Dan kada sam odbio Tima Berners-Leeja

Filmed:
644,332 views

Zamislite da je kraj 1990-te i da ste upravo upoznali simpatičnog mladog čovjeka imena Tim Berners-Lee, koji vam počinje pričati o svojem sustavu koji se zove World Wide Web. Ian Ritchie je to doživio. I... nije bio impresioniran. Kratka priča o informacijama, povezanosti i učenju iz grešaka.
- Software entrepreneur
Ian Ritchie Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
Well we all know the WorldSvijet WideŠirok WebWeb
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Svi znamo kako je World Wide Web
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has absolutelyapsolutno transformedpretvara publishingobjavljivanje, broadcastingemitiranje,
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u potpunosti transformirao izdavaštvo, emitiranje,
00:21
commercetrgovina and socialsocijalni connectivityPovezivanje,
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trgovinu i društvenu povezanost,
00:23
but where did it all come from?
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ali odakle je sve to došlo?
00:25
And I'll quotecitat threetri people:
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Citirat ću troje ljudi:
00:27
VannevarVannevar BushBush, DougDoug EngelbartEngelbart and TimTim Berners-LeeBerners-Lee.
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Vannevara Busha, Douga Engelbarta i Tima Berners-Leeja.
00:30
So let's just runtrčanje throughkroz these guys.
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Pa predstavimo tu trojicu.
00:32
This is VannevarVannevar BushBush.
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Ovo je Vannevar Bush.
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VannevarVannevar BushBush was the U.S. government'svlade chiefglavni scientificznanstvena advisersavjetnik duringza vrijeme the warrat.
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Vannevar Bush bio je glavni znanstveni savjetnik američke vlade za vrijeme rata.
00:37
And in 1945,
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1945. godine
00:39
he publishedObjavljeno an articlečlanak in a magazinečasopis calledzvao AtlanticAtlantic MonthlyMjesečni.
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objavio je članak u časopisu Atlantic Monthly.
00:42
And the articlečlanak was calledzvao "As We MaySvibanj Think."
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Naslov članka bio je "Kao što možemo misliti".
00:45
And what VannevarVannevar BushBush was sayingizreka
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U tom je članku Vannevar Bush govorio
00:47
was the way we use informationinformacija is brokenslomljen.
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da je način na koji koristimo informacije neispravan.
00:50
We don't work in termsUvjeti of librariesknjižnice
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Ne radimo poput knjižnica
00:53
and catalogkatalog systemssustavi and so forthdalje.
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ili kataloških sustava i slično.
00:55
The brainmozak worksdjela by associationasocijacija.
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Mozak radi kroz asocijacije.
00:57
With one itemartikal in its thought, it snapssjedne instantlyodmah to the nextSljedeći itemartikal.
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S jednom stvari u mislima, u trenu se prebaci na sljedeću stvar.
01:00
And the way informationinformacija is structuredstrukturirani
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Način na koji su informacije strukturirane
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is totallypotpuno incapablenesposoban of keepingčuvanje up with this processpostupak.
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potpuno je neprimjeren za praćenje tog procesa.
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And so he suggestedpredložio a machinemašina,
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I tako je on predložio stroj
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and he calledzvao it the memexMemEx.
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i nazvao ga memex.
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And the memexMemEx would linkveza informationinformacija,
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Memex bi povezivao informacije,
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one piecekomad of informationinformacija to a relatedpovezan piecekomad of informationinformacija and so forthdalje.
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jednu informaciju s drugom, sličnom, i tako dalje.
01:14
Now this was in 1945.
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To je bilo 1945. godine.
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A computerračunalo in those daysdana
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Računalo je u to vrijeme
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was something the secrettajna servicesusluge used to use for codekodirati breakinglom.
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bilo nešto čime je tajna služba razbijala šifre.
01:21
And nobodynitko knewznao anything about it.
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I nitko nije ništa znao o tome.
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So this was before the computerračunalo was inventedizumio.
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Dakle, to je bilo prije nego što je računalo izumljeno.
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And he proposedzaprosio this machinemašina calledzvao the memexMemEx.
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On je predložio neki stroj pod imenom memex
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And he had a platformplatforma where you linkedpovezan informationinformacija to other informationinformacija,
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Imao je platformu za povezivanje informacija,
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and then you could call it up at will.
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do kojih ste mogli doći po želji.
01:32
So spinningpredenje forwardnaprijed,
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Zavrtimo unaprijed,
01:34
one of the guys who readčitati this articlečlanak was a guy calledzvao DougDoug EngelbartEngelbart,
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jedan od onih koj su pročitali taj članak bio je momak imenom Doug Engelbart,
01:36
and he was a U.S. AirKlima ForceSila officerčasnik.
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koji je bio časnik američkih zračnih snaga.
01:38
And he was readingčitanje it in theirnjihov libraryknjižnica in the FarDo sada EastIstok.
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Članak je pročitao u njihovoj knjižnici na Dalekom istoku.
01:41
And he was so inspirednadahnut by this articlečlanak,
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Taj ga je članak toliko inspirirao
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it kindljubazan of directedusmjerene the restodmor of his life.
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da je na neki način usmjerio ostatak njegova života.
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And by the mid-sredina60s, he was ableu stanju to put this into actionakcijski
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Sredinom 1960-ih uspio je to pokrenuti
01:48
when he workedradio at the StanfordStanford ResearchIstraživanja LabLaboratorij in CaliforniaCalifornia.
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kad je radio u istraživačkom laboratoriju na Stanfordu u Kaliforniji.
01:52
He builtizgrađen a systemsistem.
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Izgradio je sustav.
01:54
The systemsistem was designedkonstruiran to augmentpovećati humanljudski intelligenceinteligencija, it was calledzvao.
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Sustav je osmišljen kako bi povećao ljudsku inteligenciju, tako je bio nazvan.
01:57
And in a premonitionpredosjećaj of today'sdanas je worldsvijet
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Kao prethodnica današnjeg svijeta
02:00
of cloudoblak computingračunanje and softwaressoftver of serviceservis,
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računalstva u oblacima i softvera za usluge,
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his systemsistem was calledzvao NLSNLS
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njegov sustav zvao se NLS -
02:04
for oN-LineoN-Line SystemSustav.
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oN-Line Sustav.
02:06
And this is DougDoug EngelbartEngelbart.
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Ovo je Doug Engelbart.
02:08
He was givingdavanje a presentationprezentacija at the FallJesen JointZajednički ComputerRačunalo ConferenceKonferencije
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Držao je prezentaciju je na jesenskoj Zajedničkoj računalnoj konferenciji
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in 1968.
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1968. godine.
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What he showedpokazala --
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Ono što je on pokazao --
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he satsat on a stagefaza like this, and he demonstratedpokazao this systemsistem.
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sjedio je podiju ovako i demonstrirao ovaj sustav.
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He had his headglava micmikrofon like I've got.
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Imao je mikrofon na glavi kao ja sada.
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And he worksdjela this systemsistem.
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I radio je u tom sustavu.
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And you can see, he's workingrad betweenizmeđu documentsdokumenti
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Vidite kako radi između dokumenata
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and graphicsgrafika and so forthdalje.
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i grafika i tako dalje.
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And he's drivingvožnja it all
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A sve to pokreće
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with this platformplatforma here,
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ovom platformom ovdje,
02:31
with a five-fingerpetoprsti keyboardtastatura
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tipkovnicom za pet prstiju
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and the world'ssvijetu first computerračunalo mousemiš,
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i prvim mišem za računalo na svijetu,
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whichkoji he speciallyposebno designedkonstruiran in ordernarudžba to do this systemsistem.
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koji je on posebno dizajnirao za upravljanje tim sustavom.
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So this is where the mousemiš camedošao from as well.
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Dakle, odatle je došao i miš.
02:39
So this is DougDoug EngelbartEngelbart.
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Ovo je Doug Engelbart.
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The troublenevolja with DougDoug Engelbart'sEngelbart je systemsistem
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Problem njegovog sustava
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was that the computersračunala in those daysdana costcijena severalnekoliko millionmilijuna poundsfunti.
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bio je da su računala u to vrijeme stajala nekoliko milijuna funti.
02:46
So for a personalosobni computerračunalo,
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Za osobno računalo,
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a fewnekoliko millionmilijuna poundsfunti was like havingima a personalosobni jetmlaz planeavion;
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nekoliko milijuna funti je kao da imate privatni avion,
02:50
it wasn'tnije really very practicalpraktičan.
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nije bilo baš praktično.
02:52
But spinzavrtiti on to the 80s
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Ali pomaknimo se u 80-e
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when personalosobni computersračunala did arrivestići,
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kad su se pojavila osobna računala,
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then there was roomsoba for this kindljubazan of systemsistem on personalosobni computersračunala.
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tada je bilo mjesta za tu vrstu sustava u osobnim računalima.
02:58
And my companydruštvo, OWLSOVA
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Moja tvrtka, OWL,
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builtizgrađen a systemsistem calledzvao GuideVodič for the AppleApple MacintoshMacintosh.
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izradila sustav pod nazivom Guide za Apple Macintosh.
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And we deliveredisporučena the world'ssvijetu first hypertexthipertekst systemsistem.
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Isporučili smo prvi hypertext sustav na svijetu.
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And this beganpočeo to get a headglava of steampara.
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I to je pokrenulo stvari.
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AppleApple introduceduvedena a thing calledzvao HyperCardHyperCard,
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Apple je predstavio nešto što se zove HyperCard
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and they madenapravljen a bitbit of a fusspuno buke about it.
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i napravili su veliku strku oko toga.
03:13
They had a 12-page-stranica supplementdodatak in the WallZid StreetUlica JournalČasopis the day it launchedpokrenut.
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Imali su dodatak od 12 stranica u Wall Street Journalu na dan izlaska.
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The magazinesčasopisi startedpočeo to coverpokriti it.
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Časopisi su počeli pisati o tome.
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ByteBajt magazinečasopis and CommunicationsKomunikacije at the ACMACM
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Časopis Byte i Communications na ACM-u
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had specialposeban issuespitanja coveringpokrivanje hypertexthipertekst.
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imali su posebna izdanja o hypertextu.
03:22
We developedrazvijen a PCPC versionverzija of this productproizvod
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Razvili smo verziju ovog proizvoda za PC,
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as well as the MacintoshMacintosh versionverzija.
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kao i za Macintosh.
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And our PCPC versionverzija becamepostao quitedosta matureZreli.
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Verzija za PC prilično se razvila.
03:29
These are some examplesprimjeri of this systemsistem in actionakcijski in the latekasno 80s.
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Ovo su neki primjeri tog sustava na djelu krajem 80-ih.
03:33
You were ableu stanju to deliverdostaviti documentsdokumenti, were ableu stanju to do it over networksmreže.
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Mogli ste isporučiti dokumente, mogli ste to učiniti preko mreže.
03:36
We developedrazvijen a systemsistem suchtakav
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Razvili smo sustav
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that it had a markupOznačavanje languagejezik basedzasnovan on htmlHTML.
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koji je imao programski jezik baziran na html-u.
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We calledzvao it hmlHML: hypertexthipertekst markupOznačavanje languagejezik.
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Nazvali smo ga hml: hypertext markup language.
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And the systemsistem was capablesposoban of doing
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A sustavom se moglo upravljati
03:45
very, very largeveliki documentationdokumentacija systemssustavi over computerračunalo networksmreže.
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vrlo velikim dokumentacijskim sustavima preko računalnih mreža.
03:49
So I tookuzeo this systemsistem to a tradetrgovina showpokazati in VersaillesVersailles nearblizu ParisPariz
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Predstavio sam taj sustav na sajmu u Versaillesu pokraj Pariza
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in latekasno NovemberStudeni 1990.
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krajem studenog 1990. godine.
03:55
And I was approachedprilazi by a nicelijepo youngmladi man calledzvao TimTim Berners-LeeBerners-Lee
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Pristupio mi je simpatičan mladić imenom Tim Berners-Lee
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who said, "Are you IanIan RitchieRitchie?" and I said, "Yeah."
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i rekao je: "Jeste li vi Ian Ritchie?", a ja sam rekao: "Aha."
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And he said, "I need to talk to you."
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A on je rekao: "Moram razgovarati s vama."
04:01
And he told me about his proposedzaprosio systemsistem calledzvao the WorldSvijet WideŠirok WebWeb.
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Ispričao mi je o tom sustavu koji predlaže - World Wide Web.
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And I thought, well, that's got a pretentiouspretenciozan nameime,
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A ja sam pomislio, pa, to ima pretenciozno ime,
04:07
especiallyposebno sinceod the wholečitav systemsistem ranran on his computerračunalo in his officeured.
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posebno jer cijeli sustav pokreće jedno računalo u njegovom uredu.
04:10
But he was completelypotpuno convinceduvjeren that his WorldSvijet WideŠirok WebWeb
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Ali on je bio u potpunosti uvjeren kako će njegov World Wide Web
04:13
would take over the worldsvijet one day.
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jednog dana osvojiti svijet.
04:15
And he triedpokušala to persuadeuvjeriti me to writepisati the browserpreglednik for it,
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Pokušao me uvjeriti da isprogramiram preglednik za to
04:17
because his systemsistem didn't have any graphicsgrafika or fontsfontovi or layoutizgled or anything;
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jer njegov sustav nije imao nikakvu grafiku ni fontove ni predloške ni išta,
04:20
it was just plainobičan texttekst.
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to je bio običan tekst.
04:22
I thought, well, you know, interestingzanimljiv,
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Mislio sam, dobro, znaš, zanimljivo,
04:25
but a guy from CERNCERN-A, he's not going to do this.
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ali momak iz CERN-a to neće napraviti.
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So we didn't do it.
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Tako da od toga nije bilo ništa.
04:29
In the nextSljedeći couplepar of yearsgodina,
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U sljedećih nekoliko godina,
04:31
the hypertexthipertekst communityzajednica didn't recognizeprepoznati him eitherili.
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ni hypertext zajednica nije ga prepoznala.
04:33
In 1992, his paperpapir was rejectedodbijen for the HypertextHipertekst ConferenceKonferencije.
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1992. godine njegov je rad odbijen na konferenciji za Hypertext.
04:36
In 1993,
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1993. godine
04:39
there was a tablestol at the conferencekonferencija in SeattleSeattle,
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održavala se rasprava na konferenciji u Seatlleu,
04:41
and a guy calledzvao MarcMarc AndreessenAndreessen
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a čovjek imenom Marc Andreessen
04:43
was demonstratingkoji pokazuju his little browserpreglednik for the WorldSvijet WideŠirok WebWeb.
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demonstrirao je svoj mali preglednik za World Wide Web.
04:46
And I saw it, and I thought, yepda, that's it.
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Ja sam ga vidio i pomislio, da, to je to.
04:48
And the very nextSljedeći yeargodina, in 1994, we had the conferencekonferencija here in EdinburghEdinburgh,
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Već sljedeće godine, 1994., imali smo konferenciju ovdje u Edinburghu,
04:51
and I had no oppositionopozicija in havingima TimTim Berners-LeeBerners-Lee as the keynoteosnovni ton speakerzvučnik.
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i nitko se nije protivio da Tim Berners-Lee bude glavni govornik.
04:55
So that putsstavlja me in prettyprilično illustriousslavan companydruštvo.
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Tako sam se našao u krasnom društvu.
04:57
There was a guy calledzvao DickKurac RoweRowe
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Tu je čovjek imenom Dick Rowe,
04:59
who was at DeccaDecca RecordsZapisa and turnedokrenut down The BeatlesBeatlesi.
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koji je radio u Decca Recordsu i odbio Beatlese.
05:01
There was a guy calledzvao GaryGary KildallKildall
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Tu je i Gary Kildall,
05:03
who wentotišao flyingleteći his planeavion
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koji je otišao letjeti svojim avionom
05:05
when IBMIBM camedošao looking for an operatingradni systemsistem
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kad je IBM došao tražiti operativni sustav
05:07
for the IBMIBM PCPC,
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za IBM PC,
05:09
and he wasn'tnije there, so they wentotišao back to see BillBill GatesVrata.
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a kako njega nije bilo, oni su otišli Billu Gatesu.
05:11
And the 12 publishersizdavači
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A tu je i onih 12 izdavača
05:13
who turnedokrenut down J.K. Rowling'sRowling je HarryHarry PotterLončar, I guessnagađati.
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koji su odbili J. K. Rowling i Harryja Pottera, pretpostavljam.
05:16
On the other handruka, there's MarcMarc AndreessenAndreessen
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S druge strane, tu je Marc Andreessen,
05:18
who wrotenapisao the world'ssvijetu first browserpreglednik for the WorldSvijet WideŠirok WebWeb.
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koji je napravio prvi pretraživač za World Wide Web.
05:20
And accordingpo to FortuneBogatstvo magazinečasopis,
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Prema časopisu Fortune,
05:22
he's worthvrijedan 700 millionmilijuna dollarsdolara.
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težak je 700 milijuna dolara.
05:24
But is he happysretan?
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No, je li sretan?
05:26
(LaughterSmijeh)
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(Smijeh)
05:28
(ApplausePljesak)
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(Pljesak)

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ian Ritchie - Software entrepreneur
Ian Ritchie

Why you should listen

Ian Ritchie is chair of iomart plc. and several other computer and learning businesses, including Computer Application Services Ltd., the Interactive Design Institute and Caspian Learning Ltd. He is co-chair of the Scottish Science Advisory Council, a board member of the Edinburgh International Science Festival and the chair of Our Dynamic Earth, the Edinburgh Science Centre.

Ritchie founded and managed Office Workstations Limited (OWL) in Edinburgh in 1984 and its subsidiary OWL International Inc. in Seattle from 1985. OWL became the first and largest supplier of Hypertext/Hypermedia authoring tools (a forerunner to the World Wide Web) for personal computers based on its Guide product. OWL's customers used its systems to implement large interactive multimedia documentation systems in industry sectors such as automobile, defence, publishing, finance, and education. OWL was sold to Matsushita Electrical Industrial (Panasonic) of Japan in December 1989. He is the author of New Media Publishing: Opportunities from the digital revolution (1996).

He was awarded a CBE in the 2003 New Years Honours list for services to enterprise and education; he is a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering; a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh; and a Fellow and a past-President of the British Computer Society (1998-99). 

More profile about the speaker
Ian Ritchie | Speaker | TED.com