ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ian Ritchie - Software entrepreneur
Ian Ritchie

Why you should listen

Ian Ritchie is chair of iomart plc. and several other computer and learning businesses, including Computer Application Services Ltd., the Interactive Design Institute and Caspian Learning Ltd. He is co-chair of the Scottish Science Advisory Council, a board member of the Edinburgh International Science Festival and the chair of Our Dynamic Earth, the Edinburgh Science Centre.

Ritchie founded and managed Office Workstations Limited (OWL) in Edinburgh in 1984 and its subsidiary OWL International Inc. in Seattle from 1985. OWL became the first and largest supplier of Hypertext/Hypermedia authoring tools (a forerunner to the World Wide Web) for personal computers based on its Guide product. OWL's customers used its systems to implement large interactive multimedia documentation systems in industry sectors such as automobile, defence, publishing, finance, and education. OWL was sold to Matsushita Electrical Industrial (Panasonic) of Japan in December 1989. He is the author of New Media Publishing: Opportunities from the digital revolution (1996).

He was awarded a CBE in the 2003 New Years Honours list for services to enterprise and education; he is a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering; a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh; and a Fellow and a past-President of the British Computer Society (1998-99). 

More profile about the speaker
Ian Ritchie | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2011

Ian Ritchie: The day I turned down Tim Berners-Lee

Ian Richie: Dita kur refuzova Tim Berners-Lee-në

Filmed:
644,332 views

Përfytyroni që jemi në fund të viteve '90, dhe sapo jeni njohur me një të ri të hijshëm të quajtur Tim Berners-Lee, i cili ju tregon rreth propozimit të vet për një sistem me emrin World Wide Web. Ian Ritchie qe atje. Dhe... nuk iu mbush mendja. Një rrëfim i shkurtër rreth informacionit, lidhjeve dhe mësimet e nxjerra nga gabimet.
- Software entrepreneur
Ian Ritchie Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
Well we all know the World Wide Web
0
0
2000
Kështu pra, të gjithë e dimë se World Wide Web-i
00:17
has absolutely transformed publishing, broadcasting,
1
2000
4000
ka transformuar absolutisht publikimin, transmetimin,
00:21
commerce and social connectivity,
2
6000
2000
lidhjet tregtare dhe shoqërore,
00:23
but where did it all come from?
3
8000
2000
por nga erdhi e gjithë kjo?
00:25
And I'll quote three people:
4
10000
2000
Unë do të citoj tre persona:
00:27
Vannevar Bush, Doug Engelbart and Tim Berners-Lee.
5
12000
3000
Vannevar Bush, Doug Engelbart dhe Tim Berners-Lee.
00:30
So let's just run through these guys.
6
15000
2000
Pra, le të vazhdojmë me këta tre djem.
00:32
This is Vannevar Bush.
7
17000
2000
Ky është Vannevar Bush-i.
00:34
Vannevar Bush was the U.S. government's chief scientific adviser during the war.
8
19000
3000
Vannevar Bush-i ishte këshilltari kryesor shkencor i qeverisë së ShBA-ve gjatë luftës.
00:37
And in 1945,
9
22000
2000
Dhe në 1945-n,
00:39
he published an article in a magazine called Atlantic Monthly.
10
24000
3000
botoi një artikull në një revistë të quajtur Atlantic Monthy.
00:42
And the article was called "As We May Think."
11
27000
3000
Artikulli kish për titull "Siç Mund Ta Marrim Me Mend."
00:45
And what Vannevar Bush was saying
12
30000
2000
Ajo çka po thosh Vannevar Bush-i ishte
00:47
was the way we use information is broken.
13
32000
3000
se mënyra si i përdorim informacionet ishte së prapthi.
00:50
We don't work in terms of libraries
14
35000
3000
Ne nuk funksionojmë si bibliotekat
00:53
and catalog systems and so forth.
15
38000
2000
dhe sistemesh katalogu e kështu me radhë.
00:55
The brain works by association.
16
40000
2000
Truri ynë funksionon përmes përqasjesh.
00:57
With one item in its thought, it snaps instantly to the next item.
17
42000
3000
Mendojmë diçka dhe truri kalon atypëratyshëm te objekti tjetër.
01:00
And the way information is structured
18
45000
2000
Dhe mënyra se si është i strukturuar informacioni
01:02
is totally incapable of keeping up with this process.
19
47000
3000
është tërësisht e paaftë të ecë me ritmet e këtij procesi.
01:05
And so he suggested a machine,
20
50000
2000
Ndaj ky sugjeroi një makinë,
01:07
and he called it the memex.
21
52000
2000
të cilën e quajti memeks.
01:09
And the memex would link information,
22
54000
2000
Dhe memeksi do të lidhte informacionet,
01:11
one piece of information to a related piece of information and so forth.
23
56000
3000
një copë informacioni me një copë tjetër informacioni e kështu me radhë.
01:14
Now this was in 1945.
24
59000
2000
Tani, bëhet fjalë për 1945-n.
01:16
A computer in those days
25
61000
2000
Një kompjuter në atë kohë
01:18
was something the secret services used to use for code breaking.
26
63000
3000
ishte diçka që e përdornin shërbimet sekrete për deshifruar kode.
01:21
And nobody knew anything about it.
27
66000
2000
Dhe askush nuk dinte gjë për të.
01:23
So this was before the computer was invented.
28
68000
2000
Pra, kjo ishte gjendja përpara se të zbulohej kompjuteri.
01:25
And he proposed this machine called the memex.
29
70000
2000
Kështu që ky propozoi këtë makinë me emrin memeks.
01:27
And he had a platform where you linked information to other information,
30
72000
3000
Pra, një platformë ku informacionet lidheshin me të tjerë informacione,
01:30
and then you could call it up at will.
31
75000
2000
dhe mandej mund t'i merrnit sipas dëshirës.
01:32
So spinning forward,
32
77000
2000
Po shtyhemi ca përpara në kohë,
01:34
one of the guys who read this article was a guy called Doug Engelbart,
33
79000
2000
njëri nga djemtë që e lexoi këtë artikull qe Doug Engelbart,
01:36
and he was a U.S. Air Force officer.
34
81000
2000
një oficer i Forcave Ajrore të Sh.B.A.-ve.
01:38
And he was reading it in their library in the Far East.
35
83000
3000
Dhe e lexoi në bibliotekën e tyre në Lindjen e Largët.
01:41
And he was so inspired by this article,
36
86000
2000
Dhe u frymëzua aq shumë nga ky artikull,
01:43
it kind of directed the rest of his life.
37
88000
2000
saqë thuajse iu bë busulla e tij për gjithë jetën.
01:45
And by the mid-60s, he was able to put this into action
38
90000
3000
Aty nga mesi i viteve '60, qe në gjendje ta vinte në jetë
01:48
when he worked at the Stanford Research Lab in California.
39
93000
3000
teksa punonte në Stanford Research Lab në Kaliforni.
01:52
He built a system.
40
97000
2000
Ai ndërtoi një sistem.
01:54
The system was designed to augment human intelligence, it was called.
41
99000
3000
Sistemi qe konceptuar të shtonte inteligjencën njerëzore, thuhej.
01:57
And in a premonition of today's world
42
102000
3000
Dhe si parathënie e botës së sotme
02:00
of cloud computing and softwares of service,
43
105000
2000
me pajisjet dhe programet rerore kompjuterike,
02:02
his system was called NLS
44
107000
2000
sistemi i tij quhej NLS
02:04
for oN-Line System.
45
109000
2000
shkurtim për oN-Line Sistem.
02:06
And this is Doug Engelbart.
46
111000
2000
Ky këtu është Doug Engelbart.
02:08
He was giving a presentation at the Fall Joint Computer Conference
47
113000
3000
Këtu po jepte një paraqitje në konferencën Fall Joint Computer
02:11
in 1968.
48
116000
3000
më 1968-n.
02:14
What he showed --
49
119000
2000
Ajo që ai tregoi ---
02:16
he sat on a stage like this, and he demonstrated this system.
50
121000
3000
u ul në skenë kështu, dhe demonstroi sistemin e tij.
02:19
He had his head mic like I've got.
51
124000
2000
Në kokë pati një mikrofon sikurse e kam unë.
02:21
And he works this system.
52
126000
2000
Dhe përdori sistemin e vet.
02:23
And you can see, he's working between documents
53
128000
2000
Dhe mund ta shihni, po punon nëpër dokumente
02:25
and graphics and so forth.
54
130000
2000
dhe grafikë e kështu me radhë.
02:27
And he's driving it all
55
132000
2000
Dhe krejt këtë po e bën
02:29
with this platform here,
56
134000
2000
me këtë platformën këtu,
02:31
with a five-finger keyboard
57
136000
2000
me një tastierë pesëgishte
02:33
and the world's first computer mouse,
58
138000
2000
dhe me miun e parë kompjuterik në botë,
02:35
which he specially designed in order to do this system.
59
140000
2000
të cilin e projektoi pikërisht për të plotësuar këtë sistem.
02:37
So this is where the mouse came from as well.
60
142000
2000
Pra, ky është vendi prej nga na erdh miu.
02:39
So this is Doug Engelbart.
61
144000
2000
Ky pra është Doug Engelbart-i.
02:41
The trouble with Doug Engelbart's system
62
146000
2000
Problemi me sistemin e Doug Engelbart-it
02:43
was that the computers in those days cost several million pounds.
63
148000
3000
qe që kompjuterët në atë kohë kushtonin ndoca milionë sterlina.
02:46
So for a personal computer,
64
151000
2000
Pra, të kishe një kompjuter personal,
02:48
a few million pounds was like having a personal jet plane;
65
153000
2000
ca milionë sterlina, qe njësoj si të kishe avion privat;
02:50
it wasn't really very practical.
66
155000
2000
vërtet që nuk qe shumë praktike.
02:52
But spin on to the 80s
67
157000
2000
Mirëpo, shtyhuni edhe ca, te vitet '80
02:54
when personal computers did arrive,
68
159000
2000
kur mbërritën kompjuterët personalë,
02:56
then there was room for this kind of system on personal computers.
69
161000
2000
me ta u krijua hapësirë për këtë lloj sistemi te kompjuteri personal.
02:58
And my company, OWL
70
163000
2000
Dhe kompania ime, OWL
03:00
built a system called Guide for the Apple Macintosh.
71
165000
3000
ndërtoi një sistem të quajtur Guide për Apple Macintosh.
03:03
And we delivered the world's first hypertext system.
72
168000
4000
Dhe hodhëm në qarkullim sistemin e parë hipertekst në botë.
03:07
And this began to get a head of steam.
73
172000
2000
Çka zuri të fuqizohej më pas.
03:09
Apple introduced a thing called HyperCard,
74
174000
2000
Apple paraqiti një gjë të quajtur HyperCard,
03:11
and they made a bit of a fuss about it.
75
176000
2000
dhe bëri goxha zhurmë rreth saj.
03:13
They had a 12-page supplement in the Wall Street Journal the day it launched.
76
178000
3000
Ditën që u hodh në qarkullim, rreth saj u botua në Wall Street Journal një suplement prej 12 faqesh.
03:16
The magazines started to cover it.
77
181000
2000
Për të filluan të flisnin revistat.
03:18
Byte magazine and Communications at the ACM
78
183000
2000
Revista Byte dhe ajo Communication në ACM
03:20
had special issues covering hypertext.
79
185000
2000
botuan numra specialë për hipertekstin.
03:22
We developed a PC version of this product
80
187000
2000
Ne zhvilluam një version PC-je për këtë produkt
03:24
as well as the Macintosh version.
81
189000
2000
si edhe një version për MAcintosh.
03:26
And our PC version became quite mature.
82
191000
3000
Dhe versioni ynë për PC u bë goxha i arrirë.
03:29
These are some examples of this system in action in the late 80s.
83
194000
3000
Ja disa shembuj të sistemit në punë e sipër, aty nga fundi i viteve '80.
03:33
You were able to deliver documents, were able to do it over networks.
84
198000
3000
Përmes tij ishit në gjendje të dërgonit dokumente, ta bënit këtë nëpër rrjete.
03:36
We developed a system such
85
201000
2000
Ne zhvilluam një sistem të tillë
03:38
that it had a markup language based on html.
86
203000
2000
që kish një gjuhë "markup" të bazuar në html.
03:40
We called it hml: hypertext markup language.
87
205000
3000
E quajtëm hml: hypertext markup language.
03:43
And the system was capable of doing
88
208000
2000
Dhe sistemi qe i aftë të mundësonte
03:45
very, very large documentation systems over computer networks.
89
210000
4000
sistemim dokumentesh shumë të mëdha përmes rrjetesh kompjuterikë.
03:49
So I took this system to a trade show in Versailles near Paris
90
214000
3000
Kështu që e prura këtë sistem në një panair tregtar në Versajë, afër Parisit
03:52
in late November 1990.
91
217000
3000
nga fundi i Nëntorit 1990.
03:55
And I was approached by a nice young man called Tim Berners-Lee
92
220000
2000
Dhe më vjen një i ri i hijshëm i quajtur Tim Berners-Lee
03:57
who said, "Are you Ian Ritchie?" and I said, "Yeah."
93
222000
2000
që më tha, "Ju jeni Ian Ritchie?" dhe i them, "Po."
03:59
And he said, "I need to talk to you."
94
224000
2000
Më thotë, "Më duhet të flas me ju."
04:01
And he told me about his proposed system called the World Wide Web.
95
226000
3000
Dhe më tregoi rreth një sistemi të propozuar prej tij, të quajtur World Wide Web.
04:04
And I thought, well, that's got a pretentious name,
96
229000
3000
Dhe mendova, si shumë me mburrje ky emri,
04:07
especially since the whole system ran on his computer in his office.
97
232000
3000
për më tepër që krejt sistemi xhironte te kompjuteri i vet, brenda zyrës së tij.
04:10
But he was completely convinced that his World Wide Web
98
235000
3000
Por ja që ish plotësisht i bindur që World Wide Web-i i tij
04:13
would take over the world one day.
99
238000
2000
një ditë do të mund të pushtonte botën.
04:15
And he tried to persuade me to write the browser for it,
100
240000
2000
Dhe u përpoq të më bindte për të shkruar shfletuesin për të,
04:17
because his system didn't have any graphics or fonts or layout or anything;
101
242000
3000
ngaqë sistemi i tij nuk kish as grafikë, as shkronja, as skemë, asgjë;
04:20
it was just plain text.
102
245000
2000
qe vetëm tekst i thjeshtë.
04:22
I thought, well, you know, interesting,
103
247000
3000
Mendova, epo mirë, e keni parasysh, interesante,
04:25
but a guy from CERN, he's not going to do this.
104
250000
2000
por dikush nga CERN-i nuk e bën dot këtë.
04:27
So we didn't do it.
105
252000
2000
Ndaj nuk bëmë gjë.
04:29
In the next couple of years,
106
254000
2000
Disa vite më pas,
04:31
the hypertext community didn't recognize him either.
107
256000
2000
komuniteti i hipertekstit, po njësoj, e la në hije.
04:33
In 1992, his paper was rejected for the Hypertext Conference.
108
258000
3000
Më 1992-shin, punimi i tij u refuzua për Konferencën mbi Hipertekstin.
04:36
In 1993,
109
261000
3000
Më 1993-shin,
04:39
there was a table at the conference in Seattle,
110
264000
2000
pati një takim në konferencën në Seattle,
04:41
and a guy called Marc Andreessen
111
266000
2000
dhe dikush i quajtur Marc Andreessen
04:43
was demonstrating his little browser for the World Wide Web.
112
268000
3000
po demonstronte shfletuesin e vet të vockël për World Wide Web-in.
04:46
And I saw it, and I thought, yep, that's it.
113
271000
2000
E pashë, dhe mendova, po, ajo është.
04:48
And the very next year, in 1994, we had the conference here in Edinburgh,
114
273000
3000
Pikërisht vitin tjetër, më 1994, patëm konferencën këtu në Edinburgh,
04:51
and I had no opposition in having Tim Berners-Lee as the keynote speaker.
115
276000
4000
dhe nuk isha kundër ftimit të Tim Berners-Lee-së si një nga folësit kryesorë.
04:55
So that puts me in pretty illustrious company.
116
280000
2000
E kjo më vë në krah të një grupi të shquar.
04:57
There was a guy called Dick Rowe
117
282000
2000
Dikur, një tip i quajtur Dick Rowe
04:59
who was at Decca Records and turned down The Beatles.
118
284000
2000
i cili punonte për Decca Records, refuzoi The Beatles.
05:01
There was a guy called Gary Kildall
119
286000
2000
Një tjetër, i qujatur Gary Kildall,
05:03
who went flying his plane
120
288000
2000
po bënte xhiro me avionin e tij
05:05
when IBM came looking for an operating system
121
290000
2000
kur ata të IBM-së erdhën për t'i kërkuar një sistem operativ
05:07
for the IBM PC,
122
292000
2000
për PC-të IBM,
05:09
and he wasn't there, so they went back to see Bill Gates.
123
294000
2000
dhe meqë nuk e gjetën, u kthyen për t'u takuar me Bill Gates-in.
05:11
And the 12 publishers
124
296000
2000
Apo 12 botuesit,
05:13
who turned down J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter, I guess.
125
298000
3000
mendoj, që i refuzuan Harry Potter-in J.K. Rowling-ut.
05:16
On the other hand, there's Marc Andreessen
126
301000
2000
Më anë tjetër, kemi Marc Andreessen-in
05:18
who wrote the world's first browser for the World Wide Web.
127
303000
2000
që shkroi shfletuesin e parë në botë për World Wide Web-in.
05:20
And according to Fortune magazine,
128
305000
2000
Dhe sipas revistës Fortune,
05:22
he's worth 700 million dollars.
129
307000
2000
vlen 700 milionë dollarë.
05:24
But is he happy?
130
309000
2000
Mirëpo a është i lumtur?
05:26
(Laughter)
131
311000
2000
(Të qeshura)
05:28
(Applause)
132
313000
7000
(Duartrokitje)
Translated by Liridon Shala
Reviewed by Besnik Bleta

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ian Ritchie - Software entrepreneur
Ian Ritchie

Why you should listen

Ian Ritchie is chair of iomart plc. and several other computer and learning businesses, including Computer Application Services Ltd., the Interactive Design Institute and Caspian Learning Ltd. He is co-chair of the Scottish Science Advisory Council, a board member of the Edinburgh International Science Festival and the chair of Our Dynamic Earth, the Edinburgh Science Centre.

Ritchie founded and managed Office Workstations Limited (OWL) in Edinburgh in 1984 and its subsidiary OWL International Inc. in Seattle from 1985. OWL became the first and largest supplier of Hypertext/Hypermedia authoring tools (a forerunner to the World Wide Web) for personal computers based on its Guide product. OWL's customers used its systems to implement large interactive multimedia documentation systems in industry sectors such as automobile, defence, publishing, finance, and education. OWL was sold to Matsushita Electrical Industrial (Panasonic) of Japan in December 1989. He is the author of New Media Publishing: Opportunities from the digital revolution (1996).

He was awarded a CBE in the 2003 New Years Honours list for services to enterprise and education; he is a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering; a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh; and a Fellow and a past-President of the British Computer Society (1998-99). 

More profile about the speaker
Ian Ritchie | Speaker | TED.com