TEDxDanubia
Giulia Enders: The surprisingly charming science of your gut
Džulija Enders (Giulia Enders): Iznenađujuće šarmantna nauka o vašoj utrobi
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Readability: 3.6
4,411,130 views
Da li ste se ikada zapitali kako kakimo? Učeći o utrobi, sistemu gde se dešava varenje (i još mnogo toga), kao doktor i autor, Džulija Enders nas vodi unutar kompleksne i fascinantne nauke koja stoji iza toga, uključujući i njenu povezanost sa mentalnim zdravljem. Ispostavilo se da, ukoliko pažljivije pogledamo nešto čega smo se stideli, možemo postati neustrašiviji i možemo više ceniti sebe.
Giulia Enders - Doctor, author
Giulia Enders is working to reveal how our gut is at the core of who we are. Full bio
Giulia Enders is working to reveal how our gut is at the core of who we are. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
A few years ago,
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Pre nekoliko godina,
00:14
I always had this thing happening to me,
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stalno mi se dešavalo jedno te isto,
00:17
especially at family gatherings
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pogotovo na porodičnim okupljanjima,
00:19
like teas with aunts and uncles
or something like this.
or something like this.
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onim sa tetkama i ujacima ili slično.
00:22
When people come up to you,
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Kada vam ljudi priđu
00:23
and they ask you,
"So, what are you doing?"
"So, what are you doing?"
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i pitaju vas: „Pa, čime se baviš?“,
00:27
And I would have
this magical one-word reply,
this magical one-word reply,
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imala sam magičan odgovor u jednoj reči
00:30
which would make everybody happy:
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koja bi sve učinila srećnima:
00:33
"Medicine.
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„Medicinom.
00:34
I'm going to be a doctor."
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Biću doktor.“
00:35
Very easy, that's it,
everybody's happy and pleased.
everybody's happy and pleased.
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Veoma lako; to je to
i svi su srećni i zadovoljni.
i svi su srećni i zadovoljni.
00:39
And it could be so easy,
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I moglo bi biti tako lako,
00:41
but this effect really only lasts
for 30 seconds with me,
for 30 seconds with me,
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ali ovaj efekat u suštini traje
tek nekih 30 sekundi u mom slučaju,
tek nekih 30 sekundi u mom slučaju,
00:45
because that's then the time
when one of them would ask,
when one of them would ask,
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zato što je onda vreme
da me neko od njih pita:
da me neko od njih pita:
00:49
"So, in what area of medicine?
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„Pa, kojom oblašću medicine?
00:51
What specialty do you want to go into?"
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U čemu želiš da se specijalizuješ?“
00:54
And then I would have to strip down
in all honesty and just say,
in all honesty and just say,
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Onda bih morala da se otkrijem
i potpuno iskreno kažem:
i potpuno iskreno kažem:
00:58
"OK, so I'm fascinated with the colon.
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„Dobro, mene fascinira debelo crevo.
01:02
It all started with the anus,
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Počelo je sa anusom,
01:03
and now it's basically
the whole intestinal tract."
the whole intestinal tract."
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a sad me u suštini zanima
ceo crevni trakt.“
ceo crevni trakt.“
(Smeh)
01:06
(Laughter)
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01:08
And this would be the moment
when the enthusiasm trickled,
when the enthusiasm trickled,
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I to bi bio momenat
kada entuzijazam nestaje
kada entuzijazam nestaje
01:12
and it would maybe also get,
like, awkwardly silent in the room,
like, awkwardly silent in the room,
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i kada u sobi zavlada neprijatna tišina,
01:16
and I would think this was terribly sad,
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što je po meni veoma tužno,
01:18
because I do believe
our bowels are quite charming.
our bowels are quite charming.
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zato što stvarno verujem
da su naša creva prilično šarmantna.
da su naša creva prilično šarmantna.
01:22
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:23
And while we're in a time
where many people are thinking about
where many people are thinking about
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I dok mi živimo u vremenu
gde mnogo ljudi razmišlja
gde mnogo ljudi razmišlja
01:27
what new superfood smoothie to make
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o tome kakav novi
superzdrav frape da napravi
superzdrav frape da napravi
01:29
or if gluten is maybe bad for them,
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ili da li je možda gluten štetan po njih,
01:32
actually, hardly anyone seems to care
about the organ where this happens,
about the organ where this happens,
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u stvari, skoro nikom od njih izgleda nije
stalo do organa u kojima se to dešava,
stalo do organa u kojima se to dešava,
01:37
the concrete anatomy
and the mechanisms behind it.
and the mechanisms behind it.
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konkretne ljudske anatomije
i mehanizama koji stoje iza toga.
i mehanizama koji stoje iza toga.
01:40
And sometimes it seems to me
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I ponekad mi se čini
01:41
like we're all trying
to figure out this magic trick,
to figure out this magic trick,
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kao da svi pokušavamo da otkrijemo
kako ovaj magični trik funkcioniše,
kako ovaj magični trik funkcioniše,
01:45
but nobody's checking out the magician,
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ali niko ne proverava stanje mađioničara
01:47
just because he has, like,
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samo zato što ima lošu frizuru
ili nešto zbog čega se stidimo.
ili nešto zbog čega se stidimo.
01:48
an embarrassing hairstyle or something.
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01:52
And actually,
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A, u stvari,
01:54
there are reasons science
disliked the gut for a long time;
disliked the gut for a long time;
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postoji razlog zbog čega nauka
dugo vremena nije volela utrobu;
dugo vremena nije volela utrobu;
01:58
I have to say this.
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moram da kažem ovo.
01:59
So, it's complex.
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Dakle, ona je kompleksna.
02:00
There's a lot of surface area --
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Tamo postoji velika površina,
02:02
about 40 times the area of our skin.
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oko 40 puta veća od naše kože.
02:04
Then, in such a tight pipe,
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Dalje, u tako tankim cevima
02:06
there are so many immune cells
that are being trained there.
that are being trained there.
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postoji mnogo imunoloških
ćelija koje se tamo osposobljavaju.
ćelija koje se tamo osposobljavaju.
Imamo 100 biliona bakterija
u sebi koje rade različite stvari,
u sebi koje rade različite stvari,
02:09
We have 100 trillion bacteria
doing all sorts of things --
doing all sorts of things --
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02:12
producing little molecules.
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koje proizvode male molekule.
02:13
Then there's about 20 different hormones,
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Dalje, tamo postoji
i oko 20 različitih hormona,
i oko 20 različitih hormona,
02:16
so we are on a very different level
than our genitals, for example.
than our genitals, for example.
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tako da smo na potpuno drugačijem nivou
u odnosu na naše genitalije, na primer.
u odnosu na naše genitalije, na primer.
02:19
And the nervous system
of our gut is so complex
of our gut is so complex
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A nervni sistem naše utrobe
je tako kompleksan da,
je tako kompleksan da,
02:23
that when we cut out a piece,
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kada isečemo komad,
02:24
it's independent enough
that when we poke it,
that when we poke it,
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dovoljno je nezavisan
da nam, kada ga bocnemo,
da nam, kada ga bocnemo,
02:27
it mumbles back at us, friendly.
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mrmlja prijateljski odgovor.
02:29
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:32
But at least those reasons are also
the reasons why it's so fascinating
the reasons why it's so fascinating
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Ali, makar su ovo isti razlozi
zbog čega je sve to
tako fascinantno i važno.
tako fascinantno i važno.
02:37
and important.
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02:39
It took me three steps to love the gut.
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Trebalo mi je tri koraka
da zavolim utrobu.
da zavolim utrobu.
02:42
So today, I invite you to follow me
on those three steps.
on those three steps.
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Tako vas danas pozivam
da zajedno prođemo kroz ta tri koraka.
da zajedno prođemo kroz ta tri koraka.
02:47
The very first was just looking at it
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Prvi je bio jednostavno posmatranje utrobe
02:49
and asking questions
like, "How does it work?"
like, "How does it work?"
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i postavljanje pitanja kao što su:
„Kako to funkcioniše?“
„Kako to funkcioniše?“
02:53
and "Why does it have to look
so weird for that sometimes?"
so weird for that sometimes?"
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i „Zašto zbog toga nekad mora
da izgleda tako čudno?“
da izgleda tako čudno?“
02:57
And it actually wasn't me asking
the first kind of these questions,
the first kind of these questions,
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Zapravo, nisam ja ta
koja je postavila ta prva pitanja
koja je postavila ta prva pitanja
03:01
but my roommate.
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nego moj cimer.
03:02
After one heavy night of partying,
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Nakon burne noći lumpovanja
03:05
he came into our shared-room kitchen,
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došao je u našu zajedničku kuhinju
03:08
and he said, "Giulia, you study medicine.
How does pooping work?"
How does pooping work?"
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i rekao: „Julija, ti studiraš medicinu.
Kako funkcioniše kakanje?“
Kako funkcioniše kakanje?“
03:13
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
Ja sam stvarno studirala medicinu,
ali nisam imala pojma,
ali nisam imala pojma,
03:15
And I did study medicine
but I had no idea,
but I had no idea,
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03:18
so I had to go up to my room
and look it up in different books.
and look it up in different books.
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pa sam morala da odem u svoju sobu
i potražim odgovor u različitim knjigama.
i potražim odgovor u različitim knjigama.
03:21
And I found something interesting,
I thought, at that time.
I thought, at that time.
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I našla sam nešto interesantno;
tako sam bar mislila tada.
tako sam bar mislila tada.
03:24
So it turns out, we don't only have
this outer sphincter,
this outer sphincter,
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Ispostavilo se da mi nemamo
samo taj spoljni mišićni prsten
samo taj spoljni mišićni prsten
03:28
we also have an inner sphincter muscle.
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nego imamo i unutrašnji mišićni prsten.
03:30
The outer sphincter we all know,
we can control it,
we can control it,
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Svi znamo da spoljni mišićni prsten
možemo da kontrolišemo,
možemo da kontrolišemo,
03:32
we know what's going on there;
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znamo šta se tamo događa.
03:34
the inner one, we really don't.
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Međutim, kod unutrašnjeg ne znamo.
03:35
So what happens is,
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Dakle, ono što se dešava je sledeće:
03:37
when there are leftovers from digestion,
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kada postoje ostaci hrane posle varenja,
03:39
they're being delivered
to the inner one first.
to the inner one first.
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oni se dostavljaju prvo
u unutrašnji mišićni prsten.
u unutrašnji mišićni prsten.
03:42
This inner one will open in a reflex
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On se otvara refleksno
03:44
and let through a little bit for testing.
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i pušta mali deo radi testiranja.
03:46
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
03:48
So, there are sensory cells
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Dakle, postoje senzorne ćelije
03:50
that will analyze what has been delivered:
Is it gaseous or is it solid?
Is it gaseous or is it solid?
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koje će analizirati
ono što je dostavljeno -
ono što je dostavljeno -
da li je u gasovitom ili čvrstom stanju?
03:56
And they will then send
this information up to our brain,
this information up to our brain,
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Tada oni šalju informaciju našem mozgu,
03:59
and this is the moment
when our brain knows,
when our brain knows,
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a to je onaj momenat kada
naš mozak shvata:
naš mozak shvata:
04:01
"Oh, I have to go to the toilet."
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„Oh, moram do toaleta.“
04:03
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:06
The brain will then do
what it's designed to do
what it's designed to do
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Mozak će potom uraditi
ono za šta je i stvoren
ono za šta je i stvoren
04:08
with its amazing consciousness.
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uz pomoć svoje neverovatne svesti.
04:10
It will mediate with our surroundings,
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Posredovaće sa našim okruženjem
04:13
and it will say something like,
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i reći će nešto kao:
04:14
"So, I checked.
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„Dakle, proverio sam.
04:16
We are at this TEDx conference -- "
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Mi smo sad na TEDx konferenciji ...“
04:18
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:23
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
04:25
Gaseous?
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Gasovi?
04:26
Maybe, if you're sitting on the sides,
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Možda, ako sediš sa strane
04:28
and you know you can pull it off silently.
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i ako znaš da možeš to
da izvedeš u tajnosti.
da izvedeš u tajnosti.
04:32
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:34
But solid --
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Ali, čvrsto -
04:35
maybe later.
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možda kasnije.
04:36
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:37
Since our outer sphincter and the brain
is connected with nervous cells,
is connected with nervous cells,
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Pošto je naš spoljni mišićni prsten
povezan sa mozgom kroz nervne ćelije,
povezan sa mozgom kroz nervne ćelije,
04:43
they coordinate, cooperate,
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oni sarađuju i koordinišu međusobno
04:45
and they put it back in a waiting line --
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i vraćaju to natrag u čekaonicu
04:47
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:50
for other times,
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za drugi put,
04:51
like, for example, when we're at home
sitting on the couch,
sitting on the couch,
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kao, na primer, dok sedimo
kod kuće na kauču
kod kuće na kauču
i nemamo ništa pametnije da radimo,
04:54
we have nothing better to do,
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pa smo slobodni da uradimo to.
04:55
we are free to go.
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04:57
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:01
Us humans are actually one
of the very few animals that do this
of the very few animals that do this
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Mi, ljudi, smo zapravo jedni
od veoma malog broja životinja
od veoma malog broja životinja
koji to rade na takav
razvijen i čist način.
razvijen i čist način.
05:06
in such an advanced and clean way.
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05:08
To be honest, I had some newfound respect
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Da budem iskrena, otkrila
sam neko novo poštovanje
sam neko novo poštovanje
05:11
for that nice, inner sphincter dude --
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prema tom prijatnom, unutrašnjem
čovečuljku, mišićnom prstenu,
čovečuljku, mišićnom prstenu,
05:14
not connected to nerves
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koji nije povezan sa nervima
05:15
that care too much about
the outer world or the time --
the outer world or the time --
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koji previše vode računa
o spoljnom svetu ili pravom trenutku,
o spoljnom svetu ili pravom trenutku,
05:19
just caring about me for once.
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već kome je jedino stalo do mene.
05:21
I thought that was nice.
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Pomislila sam kako je to lepo.
05:23
And I used to not be a great fan
of public restrooms,
of public restrooms,
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Nekad nisam bila veliki
obožavalac javnih toaleta,
obožavalac javnih toaleta,
05:27
but now I can go anywhere,
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ali sad mogu da idem bilo gde
05:29
because I consider it more
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zato što sam sad mnogo uviđavnija
05:30
when that inner muscle puts a suggestion
on my daily agenda.
on my daily agenda.
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kada taj unutrašnji mišić da sugestiju
na moj dnevni raspored.
na moj dnevni raspored.
05:34
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:36
And also I learned
something else, which was:
something else, which was:
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Naučila sam još nešto, a to je:
05:38
looking closely at something
I might have shied away from --
I might have shied away from --
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kada sam obratila pažnju
na nešto što sam možda izbegavala,
na nešto što sam možda izbegavala,
05:43
maybe the weirdest part of myself --
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što je možda najčudniji deo mene,
05:46
left me feeling more fearless,
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osetila sam se neustrašivije
05:48
and also appreciating myself more.
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i više sam cenila sebe.
05:51
And I think this happens a lot of times
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Mislim da se ovo često dešava
05:53
when you look at the gut, actually.
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kada pogledate utrobu.
05:55
Like those funny rumbling
noises that happen
noises that happen
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Kao ona smešna
tutnjeća buka koja se dešava
tutnjeća buka koja se dešava
05:58
when you're in a group of friends
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kada ste u grupi prijatelja
05:59
or at the office conference table,
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ili za konferencijskim stolom,
06:01
going, like, "Merrr, merrr..."
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i zvuči ovako: „Mrrrr, mrrrr ...“
06:04
This is not because we're hungry.
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Ovo nije zato što smo gladni.
06:06
This is because our small intestine
is actually a huge neat freak,
is actually a huge neat freak,
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To je zato što je naše tanko crevo
u stvari veliki manijak za čistoćom
u stvari veliki manijak za čistoćom
06:10
and it takes the time in between digestion
to clean everything up,
to clean everything up,
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i koristi vreme između varenja
da bi sve očistilo,
da bi sve očistilo,
06:15
resulting in those eight meters
of gut -- really, seven of them --
of gut -- really, seven of them --
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što rezultira time da je tih osam metara
utrobe, u stvari sedam od osam,
utrobe, u stvari sedam od osam,
06:18
being very clean
and hardly smelling like anything.
and hardly smelling like anything.
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veoma čisto i retko kad
se osećaju na bilo šta.
se osećaju na bilo šta.
06:22
It will, to achieve this,
create a strong muscular wave
create a strong muscular wave
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Da bi se to postiglo potrebno je
stvoriti snažan mišićni talas
stvoriti snažan mišićni talas
06:26
that moves everything forward
that's been leftover after digestion.
that's been leftover after digestion.
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koji pomera napred
sve ostatke hrane posle varenja.
sve ostatke hrane posle varenja.
06:30
This can sometimes create a sound,
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Ovo ponekad može stvoriti zvuk,
06:32
but doesn't necessarily have to always.
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ali ne nužno uvek.
06:35
So what we're embarrassed of
is really a sign
is really a sign
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Dakle, ono čega se stidimo
je u stvari znak
je u stvari znak
06:38
of something keeping
our insides fine and tidy.
our insides fine and tidy.
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da nešto drži našu unutrašnjost
urednom i čistom.
urednom i čistom.
06:41
Or this weird, crooked shape
of our stomach --
of our stomach --
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Ili ovaj uvrnuti, iskrivljeni
oblik našeg želudca,
oblik našeg želudca,
06:44
a bit Quasimodo-ish.
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koji pomalo liči na Kvazimoda.
06:46
This actually makes us be able
to put pressure on our belly
to put pressure on our belly
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To nam, u stvari daje mogućnost
da ostvarimo pritisak na stomak,
da ostvarimo pritisak na stomak,
06:50
without vomiting,
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a da ne povratimo,
06:51
like when we're laughing
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kao kad se smejemo
06:52
and when we're doing sports,
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ili bavimo sportom,
06:54
because the pressure will go up
and not so much sideways.
and not so much sideways.
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jer ovaj pritisak će se penjati gore,
ali ne toliko u stranu.
ali ne toliko u stranu.
06:57
This also creates this air bubble
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To stvara i mehuriće vazduha
06:59
that's usually always very visible
in X-rays, for example,
in X-rays, for example,
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koji su gotovo uvek vidljivi
pod rendgenom, na primer,
pod rendgenom, na primer,
07:03
and can sometimes, with some people,
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a može nekad, kod nekih ljudi,
07:05
when it gets too big,
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kada postane suviše velik,
07:07
create discomfort
or even some sensations of pain.
or even some sensations of pain.
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da izazove nelagodnost,
pa čak i neku vrstu bola.
pa čak i neku vrstu bola.
07:10
But for most of the people,
is just results
is just results
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Ali, kod većine ljudi, rezultira samo time
07:12
that it's far easier to burp
when you're laying on your left side
when you're laying on your left side
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da im je lakše da podrignu
kada leže na levoj strani
kada leže na levoj strani
07:15
instead of your right.
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umesto na desnoj.
07:18
And soon I moved a bit further
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A onda sam napravila korak napred
07:20
and started to look at the whole picture
of our body and health.
of our body and health.
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i počela posmatrati
naše telo i zdravlje kao celinu.
naše telo i zdravlje kao celinu.
07:23
This was actually after I had heard
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To se desilo nakon što sam čula
07:26
that someone I knew a little bit
had killed himself.
had killed himself.
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da se neko koga sam
površno poznavala ubio.
površno poznavala ubio.
07:29
It happened that I had been sitting
next to that person the day before,
next to that person the day before,
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Desilo se da sam dan ranije
sedela do te osobe
sedela do te osobe
07:34
and I smelled that he had very bad breath.
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i osetila da ima veoma loš zadah.
07:37
And when I learned
of the suicide the next day,
of the suicide the next day,
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Kada sam sledećeg dana
saznala za samoubistvo,
saznala za samoubistvo,
pomislila sam: „Da li je moguće
da utroba ima neke veze sa tim?“
da utroba ima neke veze sa tim?“
07:40
I thought: Could the gut have
something to do with it?
something to do with it?
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07:43
And I frantically started searching
if there were scientific papers
if there were scientific papers
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Frenetično sam počela
tražiti naučne radove
tražiti naučne radove
07:46
on the connection of gut and brain.
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na temu povezanosti utrobe i mozga.
07:48
And to my surprise, I found many.
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Na moje iznenađenje pronašla sam ih mnogo.
07:51
It turns out it's maybe not as simple
as we sometimes think.
as we sometimes think.
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Ispostavilo se da sve to nije tako
jednostavno kao što ponekad mislimo.
jednostavno kao što ponekad mislimo.
07:55
We tend to think our brain
makes these commands
makes these commands
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Obično mislimo
da naš mozak stvara komande,
da naš mozak stvara komande,
07:57
and then sends them down
to the other organs,
to the other organs,
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šalje ih dole ka drugim organima
07:59
and they all have to listen.
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i svi moraju da ih poslušaju.
08:01
But really, it's more that 10 percent
of the nerves that connect brain and gut
of the nerves that connect brain and gut
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Ali, u stvarnosti, svega 10 procenata
nerava koji povezuju utrobu i mozak
nerava koji povezuju utrobu i mozak
08:06
deliver information
from the brain to the gut.
from the brain to the gut.
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dostavlja informacije od mozga ka utrobi.
08:09
We know this, for example,
in stressful situations,
in stressful situations,
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Ovo znamo zato što, recimo,
u stresnim situacijama,
u stresnim situacijama,
08:13
when there are transmitters from the brain
that are being sensed by our gut,
that are being sensed by our gut,
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kada postoje signali iz mozga
koje oseti utroba,
koje oseti utroba,
08:17
so the gut will try to lower all the work,
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ona će pokušati da uspori svoj rad
08:20
and not be working
and taking away blood and energy
and taking away blood and energy
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i da ne radi toliko kako ne bi
oduzimala krv i energiju,
oduzimala krv i energiju,
08:25
to save energy for problem-solving.
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da bismo ih sačuvali
za rešavanje problema.
za rešavanje problema.
08:27
This can go as far as nervous vomiting
or nervous diarrhea
or nervous diarrhea
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Ovo se može manifestovati kroz povraćanje
ili dijareju na nervnoj bazi
ili dijareju na nervnoj bazi
08:31
to get rid of food that it then
doesn't want to digest.
doesn't want to digest.
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da bismo se rešili hrane
koja tada ne bi trebalo da se svari.
koja tada ne bi trebalo da se svari.
08:34
Maybe more interestingly,
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Možda je još interesantnije
08:36
90 percent of the nervous fibers
that connect gut and brain
that connect gut and brain
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da 90 procenata nervnih vlakana
koje povezuju utrobu i mozak
koje povezuju utrobu i mozak
08:39
deliver information
from our gut to our brain.
from our gut to our brain.
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dostavlja informacije iz utrobe ka mozgu.
08:43
And when you think about it a little bit,
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Kada malo bolje razmislite o tome,
08:45
it does make sense,
because our brain is very isolated.
because our brain is very isolated.
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stvarno ima smisla, zato što je
naš mozak veoma izolovan.
naš mozak veoma izolovan.
08:48
It's in this bony skull
surrounded by a thick skin,
surrounded by a thick skin,
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Nalazi se u koštanoj lobanji
okružen tankom kožom
okružen tankom kožom
08:53
and it needs information
to put together a feeling
to put together a feeling
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i potrebne su mu informacije
da bi stvorio osećaj kao:
da bi stvorio osećaj kao:
08:56
of "How am I, as a whole body, doing?"
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„Kako sam i kako se oseća celo telo?“
08:59
And the gut, actually, is possibly
the most important advisor for the brain
the most important advisor for the brain
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A utroba je, u stvari, verovatno
najvažniji savetnik mozga
najvažniji savetnik mozga
09:04
because it's our largest sensory organ,
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zato što je naš najveći senzorni organ
09:07
collecting information not only
on the quality of our nutrients,
on the quality of our nutrients,
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koji skuplja informacije
ne samo o kvalitetu naše hrane,
ne samo o kvalitetu naše hrane,
09:10
but really also on how are so many
of our immune cells doing,
of our immune cells doing,
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već i o tome kakvo je stanje
sa našim brojnim imuno ćelijama
sa našim brojnim imuno ćelijama
09:14
or things like the hormones
in our blood that it can sense.
in our blood that it can sense.
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ili hormonima u našoj krvi
koje može da oseti.
koje može da oseti.
09:17
And it can package this information,
and send it up to the brain.
and send it up to the brain.
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Može upakovati sve te informacije
i poslati ih mozgu.
i poslati ih mozgu.
09:21
It can, there, not reach areas
like visual cortex or word formations --
like visual cortex or word formations --
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Tamo ne može pristupiti oblastima
kao što su vizuelni korteks
ili formacija reči.
ili formacija reči.
U suprotnom, dok varimo,
09:25
otherwise, when we digest,
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09:27
we would see funny colors
or we would make funny noises -- no.
or we would make funny noises -- no.
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videli bismo čudne boje
ili bismo pravili smešne zvukove; ne.
ili bismo pravili smešne zvukove; ne.
09:32
But it can reach areas
for things like morality,
for things like morality,
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Ali, može dopreti do oblasti
za stvari kao što su moral,
za stvari kao što su moral,
09:35
fear or emotional processing
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strah od obrađivanja emocija
09:36
or areas for self-awareness.
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ili oblasti samospoznaje.
09:39
So it does make sense
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Dakle, ima smisla da,
09:40
that when our body and our brain
are putting together this feeling
are putting together this feeling
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kad naše telo i naš mozak
sklapaju zajedno taj osećaj
sklapaju zajedno taj osećaj
09:44
of, "How am I, as a whole body, doing?"
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„kako sam ja kao celo telo?“
09:46
that the gut has something
to contribute to this process.
to contribute to this process.
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utroba ima svoj doprinos u tom procesu.
09:52
And it also makes sense
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A još više ima smisla
09:53
that people who have conditions
like irritable bowel syndrome
like irritable bowel syndrome
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kada kažemo da ljudi koji boluju
od sindroma iritabilnog creva
ili bolesti zapaljenja creva
ili bolesti zapaljenja creva
09:56
or inflammatory bowel disease
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imaju veći rizik da obole
od anksioznosti ili depresije.
od anksioznosti ili depresije.
09:58
have a higher risk of having
anxiety or depression.
anxiety or depression.
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10:01
I think this is good information to share,
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Mislim da je to dobra informacija
koju treba podeliti,
koju treba podeliti,
10:04
because many people will think,
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jer mnogi ljudi će pomisliti:
10:05
"I have this gut thing, and maybe
I also have this mental health thing."
I also have this mental health thing."
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3385
„Imam taj problem sa utrobom i možda
imam i neki mentalni zdravstveni problem.“
imam i neki mentalni zdravstveni problem.“
10:09
And maybe -- because science is not
clear on that right now --
clear on that right now --
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A možda je, zato što nauka
trenutno još uvek nije sigurna,
trenutno još uvek nije sigurna,
10:12
it's really just that the brain
is feeling sympathy with their gut.
is feeling sympathy with their gut.
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to samo zbog toga što mozak
saoseća sa utrobom.
saoseća sa utrobom.
10:17
This has yet to grow in evidence
until it can come to practice.
until it can come to practice.
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Ovo tek treba da se dokaže
da bi moglo da se primeni u praksi.
da bi moglo da se primeni u praksi.
10:21
But just knowing about
these kinds of research
these kinds of research
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Ali, i samo saznanje o ovim istraživanjima
10:24
that's out there at the moment
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2046
koja se sprovode trenutno
10:26
helps me in my daily life.
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pomaže mi u svakodnevnom životu
10:28
And it makes me think
differently of my moods
differently of my moods
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i tera me da preispitam svoja raspoloženja
10:30
and not externalize so much all the time.
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i da se ne vezujem
za spoljašnje faktore sve vreme.
za spoljašnje faktore sve vreme.
10:33
I feel oftentimes during the day
we are a brain and a screen,
we are a brain and a screen,
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Često tokom dana osetim
da smo mozak i ekran
da smo mozak i ekran
10:37
and we will tend to look
for answers right there
for answers right there
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i da upravo tu često pokušavamo
da nađemo odgovore,
da nađemo odgovore,
10:40
and maybe the work is stupid
or our neighbor --
or our neighbor --
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a možda je posao glup ili naš komšija,
10:43
but really, moods can also
come from within.
come from within.
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ali, stvarno, raspoloženja
mogu doći i iznutra.
mogu doći i iznutra.
10:45
And just knowing this helped me,
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I samo to saznanje mi je pomoglo,
10:47
for example, when I sometimes
wake up too early,
wake up too early,
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3230
na primer, kada se nekad
probudim suviše rano
probudim suviše rano
10:50
and I start to worry and wander
around with my thoughts.
around with my thoughts.
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i počnem da brinem
i da prebirem po svojim mislima.
i da prebirem po svojim mislima.
10:53
Then I think, "Stop.
What did I eat yesterday?
What did I eat yesterday?
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Onda pomislim: „Stani. Šta sam jela juče?
10:56
Did I stress myself out too much?
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1701
Da li sam se suviše stavila pod stres?
10:58
Did I eat too late or something?"
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2036
Da li sam nešto jela suviše kasno?“
11:00
And then maybe get up
and make myself a tea,
and make myself a tea,
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2239
A onda možda ustanem i skuvam sebi čaj,
11:02
something light to digest.
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nešto lako za varenje.
11:04
And as simple as that sounds,
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I iako zvuči jednostavno,
11:06
I think it's been
surprisingly good for me.
surprisingly good for me.
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mislim da mi to iznenađujuće prija.
11:10
Step three took me further
away from our body,
away from our body,
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Treći korak me je odveo
dalje od našeg tela
dalje od našeg tela
11:15
and to really understanding
bacteria differently.
bacteria differently.
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i do drugačijeg razumevanja bakterija.
11:18
The research we have today
is creating a new definition
is creating a new definition
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666985
3248
Istraživanje koje danas imamo
stvara novu definiciju
stvara novu definiciju
11:22
of what real cleanliness is.
240
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2223
o tome šta je u stvari prava čistoća.
11:25
And it's not the hygiene hypothesis --
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3533
To nije hipoteza čistoće.
11:28
I think many maybe know this.
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1381
Mislim da mnogi to znaju.
11:30
So it states that when you have
too little microbes in your environment
too little microbes in your environment
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Ona tvrdi da, ukoliko imate premalo
mikroba u svom okruženju
mikroba u svom okruženju
11:33
because you clean all the time,
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1601
zato što stalno čistite,
to u stvari nije dobra stvar,
11:35
that's not really a good thing,
245
683519
1602
11:37
because people get more allergies
or autoimmune diseases then.
or autoimmune diseases then.
246
685145
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zato što ljudi onda češće imaju
alergije i autoimune bolesti.
alergije i autoimune bolesti.
11:40
So I knew this hypothesis,
247
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2218
Dakle, ja sam znala za ovu hipotezu
11:43
and I thought I wouldn't learn so much
248
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1853
i mislila sam da neću mnogo naučiti
11:44
from looking at cleanliness in the gut.
249
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2464
istražujući čistoću creva.
11:47
But I was wrong.
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1327
Ali, tu sam pogrešila.
11:49
It turns out,
251
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1949
Ispostavilo se
11:51
real cleanliness is not about
killing off bacteria right away.
killing off bacteria right away.
252
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3965
da stvarna čistoća nije
momentalno ubijanje bakterija.
momentalno ubijanje bakterija.
11:55
Real cleanliness is a bit different.
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2609
Stvarna čistoća je malo drugačija.
11:57
When we look at the facts,
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Kada pogledamo činjenice,
11:59
95 percent of all bacteria on this planet
don't harm us -- they can't,
don't harm us -- they can't,
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4840
95 procenata svih bakterija
na planeti nam ne šteti -
na planeti nam ne šteti -
ne mogu da nam štete; nemaju gene za to.
12:04
they don't have the genes to do so.
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12:06
Many, actually, help us a lot,
257
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2041
Mnoge nam, zapravo, pomažu dosta,
12:08
and scientists at the moment
are looking into things like:
are looking into things like:
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3237
a naučnici trenutno ispituju
stvari kao što su:
stvari kao što su:
12:12
Do some bacteria help us clean the gut?
259
720222
2621
da li nam neke bakterije pomažu
da se očisti utroba?
da se očisti utroba?
12:14
Do they help us digest?
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1374
Da li nam pomažu pri varenju?
12:16
Do they make us put on weight
or have a lean figure
or have a lean figure
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2469
Da li nas one čine gojaznim ili vitkim
12:18
although we're eating lots?
262
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1915
bez obzira na to što jedemo puno?
12:20
Are others making us feel more courageous
or even more resilient to stress?
or even more resilient to stress?
263
728697
4677
Da li nas druge čine hrabrijima
ili čak otpornijima na stres?
ili čak otpornijima na stres?
12:25
So you see, there are more questions
when it comes to cleanliness.
when it comes to cleanliness.
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3995
Tako, vidite, postoje brojna pitanja
kada je reč o čistoći.
kada je reč o čistoći.
12:30
And, actually, the thing is,
it's about a healthy balance, I think.
it's about a healthy balance, I think.
265
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Zapravo, stvar je u zdravoj
ravnoteži, bar ja tako mislim.
ravnoteži, bar ja tako mislim.
12:33
You can't avoid the bad all the time.
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2413
Ne možete stalno izbegavati ono loše.
12:35
This is simply not possible;
267
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To jednostavno nije moguće.
12:37
there's always something bad around.
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1969
Uvek postoji nešto loše oko nas.
12:40
So what really the whole deal is
when you look at a clean gut,
when you look at a clean gut,
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4675
Ono što je suština cele stvari je da,
kada pogledate čistu utrobu,
kada pogledate čistu utrobu,
12:44
it's about having good bacteria,
enough of them,
enough of them,
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3822
vidite da ima dobre bakterije
u potrebnoj količini i neke loše.
u potrebnoj količini i neke loše.
12:48
and then some bad.
271
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12:50
Our immune system needs the bad, too,
272
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1888
Naš imunološki sistem treba i loše
12:52
so it knows what it's looking out for.
273
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da bi znao za čim traga.
12:54
So I started having this different
perspective on cleanliness
perspective on cleanliness
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3435
Zbog toga sam stekla potpuno
drugačiju percepciju o čistoći,
drugačiju percepciju o čistoći,
12:58
and a few weeks later,
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a nekoliko nedelja kasnije
12:59
I held a talk at my university,
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držala sam govor na mom univerzitetu
13:01
and I made a mistake by 1,000.
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i napravila sam grešku za 1 000.
13:04
And I went home and I realized
in that moment,
in that moment,
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Kada sam se vratila kući i shvatila to
u trenutku sam pomislila: „Ah!
Napravila sam grešku za 1 000.
Napravila sam grešku za 1 000.
13:06
I was like, "Ah! I made
a mistake by 1,000.
a mistake by 1,000.
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13:09
Oh God, that's so much,
and that's so embarrassing."
and that's so embarrassing."
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O, Bože, to je toliko mnogo
i to je tako sramotno.“
i to je tako sramotno.“
Počela sam da razmišljam o tome
i bila sam u fazonu: „Uh!“
i bila sam u fazonu: „Uh!“
13:12
And I started to think about this,
I was like, "Ugh!"
I was like, "Ugh!"
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A nakon izvesnog vremena sam rekla:
„Okej, napravila sam jednu grešku,
„Okej, napravila sam jednu grešku,
13:15
And after a while I said,
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13:16
"OK, I made this one mistake,
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13:18
but then I also told so many
good and right and helpful things,
good and right and helpful things,
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ali sam takođe rekla toliko
dobrih, pravih i korisnih stvari,
dobrih, pravih i korisnih stvari,
tako da mislim da je to okej.
13:22
so I think it's OK, you know?
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13:24
It's a clean thing."
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To je jasna stvar.“
13:25
And then I was like, "Oh, wait.
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A onda mi opet padne
na pamet: „Oh, čekaj.
na pamet: „Oh, čekaj.
13:27
Maybe I took my perspective
on cleanliness further."
on cleanliness further."
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Možda sam svoje shvatanje
čistoće prenela na viši nivo.“
čistoće prenela na viši nivo.“
13:31
And it's my theory at the moment
that maybe we all do.
that maybe we all do.
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I to je moja teorija ovog momenta,
koju možda svi primenjujemo.
koju možda svi primenjujemo.
13:33
Take it a bit further than just
cleaning our living room,
cleaning our living room,
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Krenite malo dalje od čišćenja
svog dnevnog boravka,
svog dnevnog boravka,
13:36
where maybe we make it
to sort like a life hygiene.
to sort like a life hygiene.
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gde možda stvaramo
nešto kao životnu higijenu.
nešto kao životnu higijenu.
13:39
Knowing that this is about
fostering the good
fostering the good
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Saznanje da je ovde reč
o podsticanju dobrog
o podsticanju dobrog
13:43
just as much as trying to shelter
yourself from the bad
yourself from the bad
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u istoj meri u kojoj se trudimo
da se zaštitimo od lošeg
da se zaštitimo od lošeg
13:47
had a very calming effect on me.
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imalo je vrlo smirujući efekat na mene.
13:49
So in that sense,
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U tom smislu,
13:51
I hope today I told you
mostly good and helpful things,
mostly good and helpful things,
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nadam se da sam vam danas rekla
uglavnom dobre i korisne stvari
uglavnom dobre i korisne stvari
13:54
and thank you for your time,
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i zahvaljujem vam se na vašem vremenu,
13:56
for listening to me.
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na tome što ste me slušali.
13:57
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Giulia Enders - Doctor, authorGiulia Enders is working to reveal how our gut is at the core of who we are.
Why you should listen
Giulia Enders is a medical doctor and author from Germany. In 2012, her presentation "Darm mit Charme" ("Charming Bowles") won her first prize at the Science Slam in Berlin and went viral on YouTube. Shortly after that she was asked to write a book which turned out a great success in Germany and around the world. Her bestseller Gut: The Inside Story of Our Body's Most Underrated Organ has sold more than four million copies and has been published in over 40 countries. Today Enders is doing research for her medical doctorate at the Institute for Microbiology in Frankfurt and has continued to communicate science in TV and museum projects.
Giulia Enders | Speaker | TED.com