TEDYouth 2015
Jill Heinerth: The mysterious world of underwater caves
Jill Heinerth: Misteriozni svijet podvodnih špilja
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Špiljski ronioc Jill Heinerth istražuje skrivene podvodne tokove koji protječu našim planetom. Radeći s biolozima, klimatolozima i arheolozima, Heinerth otkriva misterije životnih oblika koje nastanjuju neke od zemljinih najzabačenijih mjesta i pomaže istraživačima da otključaju povijest klimatskih promjena. U ovom kratkom govoru, zaronite ispod valova i istražite čuda unutrašnjeg prostora.
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
I'm an underwater explorer,
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Ja sam podvodni istraživač,
00:17
more specifically a cave diver.
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točnije špiljski ronioc.
00:21
I wanted to be an astronaut
when I was a little kid,
when I was a little kid,
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Kao dijete željela sam biti astronaut,
00:23
but growing up in Canada as a young girl,
that wasn't really available to me.
that wasn't really available to me.
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no odrastajući u Kanadi kao mlada
djevojka, to mi nije bilo dostupno.
djevojka, to mi nije bilo dostupno.
00:29
But as it turns out,
we know a lot more about space
we know a lot more about space
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No, ispada da znamo više o svemiru
00:33
than we do about the underground waterways
coursing through our planet,
coursing through our planet,
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nego o podvodnim tokovima koji
protječu našim planetom,
protječu našim planetom,
00:37
the very lifeblood of Mother Earth.
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upravo životna snaga Majke Zemlje.
00:41
So I decided to do something
that was even more remarkable.
that was even more remarkable.
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Tako da sam odlučila napraviti nešto
još izvanrednije.
još izvanrednije.
00:45
Instead of exploring outer space,
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Umjesto da istražujem svemir,
00:47
I wanted to explore
the wonders of inner space.
the wonders of inner space.
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htjela sam istraživati čuda
unutrašnjeg prostora.
unutrašnjeg prostora.
00:51
Now, a lot of people will tell you
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Većina ljudi će vam reći
00:53
that cave diving is perhaps
one of the most dangerous endeavors.
one of the most dangerous endeavors.
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da je špiljsko ronjenje jedan
od najopasnijih pothvata.
od najopasnijih pothvata.
00:58
I mean, imagine yourself
here in this room,
here in this room,
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Mislim, zamislite se ovdje u ovoj
prostoriji,
prostoriji,
01:01
if you were suddenly
plunged into blackness,
plunged into blackness,
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da ste odjednom uronjeni u
crnilo,
crnilo,
01:04
with your only job to find the exit,
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s jedinim zadatkom da pronađete izlaz,
01:06
sometimes swimming
through these large spaces,
through these large spaces,
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ponekad plivajući kroz ovaj
ogromni prostor,
ogromni prostor,
01:09
and at other times
crawling beneath the seats,
crawling beneath the seats,
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a ponekad pužući iza sjedala,
01:12
following a thin guideline,
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prateći tanke smjernice,
01:15
just waiting for the life support
to provide your very next breath.
to provide your very next breath.
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čekajući na sustav za održavanje života
za sljedeći udah.
za sljedeći udah.
01:19
Well, that's my workplace.
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To je moje radno mjesto.
01:22
But what I want to teach you today
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No želim vas naučiti danas
01:24
is that our world
is not one big solid rock.
is not one big solid rock.
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da naš svijet nije jedna velika
čvrsta stijena.
čvrsta stijena.
01:29
It's a whole lot more like a sponge.
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Više je kao spužva.
01:31
I can swim through a lot of the pores
in our earth's sponge,
in our earth's sponge,
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Mogu plivati kroz mnoštvo pora
u zemaljskoj spužvi,
u zemaljskoj spužvi,
01:35
but where I can't,
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a tamo gdje ne mogu,
01:37
other life-forms and other materials
can make that journey without me.
can make that journey without me.
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drugi oblici života i drugi materijali
mogu bez mene.
mogu bez mene.
01:42
And my voice is the one
that's going to teach you
that's going to teach you
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Moj glas je onaj koji će vas naučiti
01:45
about the inside of Mother Earth.
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o unutrašnjosti Majke Zemlje.
01:50
There was no guidebook available to me
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Nije mi bio dostupan vodič
01:53
when I decided to be the first person
to cave dive inside Antarctic icebergs.
to cave dive inside Antarctic icebergs.
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kad sam odlučila biti prva osoba
koja će zaroniti u ledenjake Antarktika.
koja će zaroniti u ledenjake Antarktika.
01:59
In 2000, this was the largest
moving object on the planet.
moving object on the planet.
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2000. godine, ovo je bio najveći pokretni
objekt na planetu.
objekt na planetu.
02:04
It calved off the Ross Ice Shelf,
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Odvalio se od Rossovog ledenog šelfa,
02:06
and we went down there
to explore ice edge ecology
to explore ice edge ecology
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i mi smo otišli tamo da bi istražili
ekologiju ledenog ruba
ekologiju ledenog ruba
02:09
and search for life-forms beneath the ice.
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i tražili oblike života ispod leda.
02:12
We use a technology called rebreathers.
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Koristimo tehnologiju koja se zove
ponovno disanje.
ponovno disanje.
02:15
It's an awful lot like the same technology
that is used for space walks.
that is used for space walks.
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Jako je slično istoj tehnologiji koja se
koristi pri svemirskim šetnjama.
koristi pri svemirskim šetnjama.
02:19
This technology enables us to go deeper
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Ova tehnologija nam omogućava da odemo
dublje
dublje
02:22
than we could've imagined
even 10 years ago.
even 10 years ago.
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nego što smo mogli zamisliti prije
10 godina.
10 godina.
02:25
We use exotic gases,
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Koristimo egzotične plinove,
02:27
and we can make missions
even up to 20 hours long underwater.
even up to 20 hours long underwater.
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i uzvodimo misije i do 20 sati
pod vodom.
pod vodom.
02:33
I work with biologists.
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Ja radim s biolozima.
02:35
It turns out that caves
are repositories of amazing life-forms,
are repositories of amazing life-forms,
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Ispada da su špilje skladišta za
nevjerojatne oblike života,
nevjerojatne oblike života,
02:39
species that we never knew existed before.
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vrste za koje nismo znali da postoje.
02:43
Many of these life-forms
live in unusual ways.
live in unusual ways.
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Mnogi od ovih oblika života žive na
neobične načine.
neobične načine.
02:47
They have no pigment
and no eyes in many cases,
and no eyes in many cases,
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Nemaju pigment niti oči
u mnogim slučajevima,
u mnogim slučajevima,
02:51
and these animals
are also extremely long-lived.
are also extremely long-lived.
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i ove životinje ekstremno dugo žive.
02:55
In fact, animals swimming
in these caves today
in these caves today
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Zapravo, životinje koje plivaju u
ovim špiljama danas
ovim špiljama danas
02:59
are identical in the fossil record
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su identične fosilima
03:01
that predates the extinction
of the dinosaurs.
of the dinosaurs.
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koji prethode izumiranje dinosaura.
03:04
So imagine that: these are
like little swimming dinosaurs.
like little swimming dinosaurs.
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Zamislite, to su kao mali plivajući
dinosauri.
dinosauri.
03:08
What can they teach us
about evolution and survival?
about evolution and survival?
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Što nas mogu naučiti o evoluciji i
opstanku?
opstanku?
03:13
When we look at an animal
like this remipede swimming in the jar,
like this remipede swimming in the jar,
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Kada pogledamo životinju kao ova
remipidia što pliva u staklenci,
remipidia što pliva u staklenci,
03:17
he has giant fangs with venom.
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ima ogromne otrovne zube.
03:20
He can actually attack something
40 times his size and kill it.
40 times his size and kill it.
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Može zapravo napasti nešto 40 puta svoje
veličine i ubiti ga.
veličine i ubiti ga.
03:24
If he were the size of a cat,
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Kad bi bila veličine mačke,
03:26
he'd be the most dangerous
thing on our planet.
thing on our planet.
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bila bi najopasnija stvar na planetu.
03:29
And these animals live
in remarkably beautiful places,
in remarkably beautiful places,
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Ove životinje žive u izvanredno
lijepim mjestima,
lijepim mjestima,
03:33
and in some cases,
caves like this, that are very young,
caves like this, that are very young,
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u nekim slučajevima, špilje kao ova,
koja je vrlo mlada,
koja je vrlo mlada,
03:37
yet the animals are ancient.
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životinje su drevne.
03:39
How did they get there?
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Kako su došle ovdje?
03:41
I also work with physicists,
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Također, radim s fizičarima,
03:44
and they're interested oftentimes
in global climate change.
in global climate change.
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koji su često zainteresirani
za globalne klimatske promjene.
za globalne klimatske promjene.
03:47
They can take rocks within the caves,
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Uzmu kamenje iz špilja,
03:50
and they can slice them
and look at the layers within with rocks,
and look at the layers within with rocks,
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presjeku ih i gledaju slojeve unutar
kamena,
kamena,
03:53
much like the rings of a tree,
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slično kao godovi kod drveta,
03:55
and they can count back in history
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i mogu izbrojati unazad u povijest
03:57
and learn about the climate on our planet
at very different times.
at very different times.
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i naučiti o klimi na našem planetu kroz
različita doba.
različita doba.
04:00
The red that you see in this photograph
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Ovo crveno što vidite na ovoj fotografiji
04:03
is actually dust from the Sahara Desert.
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je zapravo prašina iz Sahare.
04:06
So it's been picked up by wind,
blown across the Atlantic Ocean.
blown across the Atlantic Ocean.
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Pokupio ju je vjetar koji puše
preko Atlantskog oceana.
preko Atlantskog oceana.
04:10
It's rained down in this case
on the island of Abaco in the Bahamas.
on the island of Abaco in the Bahamas.
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Putem kiše je pala u ovom slučaju
na otok Abaco na Bahamima.
na otok Abaco na Bahamima.
04:15
It soaks in through the ground
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Natapa se kroz tlo
04:16
and deposits itself
in the rocks within these caves.
in the rocks within these caves.
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i taloži u stijenju unutar ovih špilja.
04:20
And when we look back in the layers
of these rocks, we can find times
of these rocks, we can find times
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I kad pogledamo slojeve u ovom kamenju,
možemo pronaći doba
možemo pronaći doba
04:24
when the climate
was very, very dry on earth,
was very, very dry on earth,
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kada je klima na zemlji bila veoma,
veoma suha,
veoma suha,
04:27
and we can go back
many hundreds of thousands of years.
many hundreds of thousands of years.
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i možemo otići natrag mnogo stotina
i tisuća godina.
i tisuća godina.
04:32
Paleoclimatologists are also interested
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Paleoklimatolozi su, također,
zainteresirani
zainteresirani
04:34
in where the sea level stands were
at other times on earth.
at other times on earth.
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gdje je razina mora bila u drukčije doba
na zemlji.
na zemlji.
04:38
Here in Bermuda, my team and I embarked
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Ovdje na Bermudi, moj tim i
ja se ukrcavamo
ja se ukrcavamo
04:40
on the deepest manned dives
ever conducted in the region,
ever conducted in the region,
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na najdublje ronjenje ikad
izvedeno u regiji,
izvedeno u regiji,
04:43
and we were looking for places
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i tražimo mjesta
04:45
where the sea level
used to lap up against the shoreline,
used to lap up against the shoreline,
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gdje je morska razina bila u odnosu na
obalu,
obalu,
04:48
many hundreds of feet
below current levels.
below current levels.
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mnogo stotina stopa ispod sadašnje razine.
04:52
I also get to work with paleontologists
and archaeologists.
and archaeologists.
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Također, imam priliku raditi sa
paleontolozima i arheolozima.
paleontolozima i arheolozima.
04:56
In places like Mexico,
in the Bahamas, and even in Cuba,
in the Bahamas, and even in Cuba,
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U mjestima kao što su Meksiko, Bahami
čak i Kuba,
čak i Kuba,
05:00
we're looking at cultural remains
and also human remains in caves,
and also human remains in caves,
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proučavamo kulturnu ostavštinu
i ljudske ostatke u špiljama,
i ljudske ostatke u špiljama,
05:05
and they tell us a lot
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koji nam govore mnogo
05:06
about some of the earliest
inhabitants of these regions.
inhabitants of these regions.
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o nekima od najranijih stanovnicima
ovih područja.
ovih područja.
05:10
But my very favorite project of all
was over 15 years ago,
was over 15 years ago,
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No, meni najdraži projekt od svih je
bio prije preko 15 godina,
bio prije preko 15 godina,
05:14
when I was a part of the team
that made the very first
that made the very first
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kad sam bila dio tima koji je
napravio prvu
napravio prvu
05:16
accurate, three-dimensional map
of a subterranean surface.
of a subterranean surface.
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točnu, trodimenzionalnu mapu
podzemne površine.
podzemne površine.
05:20
This device that I'm
driving through the cave
driving through the cave
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Ovaj uređaj koji vozim kroz špilju
05:22
was actually creating
a three-dimensional model as we drove it.
a three-dimensional model as we drove it.
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je zapravo stvarao trodimenzionalni model
dok sam upravljala.
dok sam upravljala.
05:27
We also used ultra low frequency radio
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Također, koristimo niskofrekventni radio
05:29
to broadcast back to the surface
our exact position within the cave.
our exact position within the cave.
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koji odašilje natrag na površinu naš
precizan položaj unutar špilje.
precizan položaj unutar špilje.
05:34
So I swam under houses and businesses
and bowling alleys and golf courses,
and bowling alleys and golf courses,
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Tako da sam plivala ispod kuća, tvrtki
i kuglana i golf terena,
i kuglana i golf terena,
05:39
and even under a Sonny's BBQ Restaurant,
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čak i ispod Sonnyjevog BBQ restorana.
05:43
Pretty remarkable, and what that taught me
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Prilično izvanredno, i ono što sam naučila
05:45
was that everything we do
on the surface of our earth
on the surface of our earth
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je da sve što radimo na površini zemlje
05:48
will be returned to us to drink.
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će nam se vratiti u obliku pića.
05:50
Our water planet is not just
rivers, lakes and oceans,
rivers, lakes and oceans,
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Naš vodeni planet nisu samo rijeke,
jezera i oceani,
jezera i oceani,
05:55
but it's this vast network of groundwater
that knits us all together.
that knits us all together.
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nego i prostrana mreža podzemnih voda
koja nas sve spaja.
koja nas sve spaja.
06:00
It's a shared resource
from which we all drink.
from which we all drink.
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To je zajednički resurs iz kojeg
svi pijemo.
svi pijemo.
06:04
And when we can understand
our human connections with our groundwater
our human connections with our groundwater
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Kad budemo razumjeli naše ljudske veze
s podzemnim vodama
s podzemnim vodama
06:08
and all of our water resources
on this planet,
on this planet,
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i svim izvorima vode na ovom planetu,
06:11
then we'll be working on the problem
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onda ćemo raditi na problemu
06:12
that's probably the most important
issue of this century.
issue of this century.
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koji je vjerojatno najvažniji problem
ovog stoljeća.
ovog stoljeća.
06:17
So I never got to be that astronaut
that I always wanted to be,
that I always wanted to be,
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Nikad nisam imala priliku postati
astronaut kao što sam oduvijek željela,
astronaut kao što sam oduvijek željela,
06:20
but this mapping device,
designed by Dr. Bill Stone, will be.
designed by Dr. Bill Stone, will be.
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no ovaj uređaj za mapiranje, koji je
dizajnirao Dr. Bill Stone, će postati.
dizajnirao Dr. Bill Stone, će postati.
06:24
It's actually morphed.
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Zapravo se preoblikovao.
06:25
It's now a self-swimming autonomous robot,
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Sada je samoplivajući autonomni robot,
06:28
artificially intelligent,
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umjetno inteligentan,
06:30
and its ultimate goal
is to go to Jupiter's moon Europa
is to go to Jupiter's moon Europa
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i njegov konačni cilj je da ode na
Jupiterov mjesec Europu
Jupiterov mjesec Europu
06:34
and explore oceans beneath
the frozen surface of that body.
the frozen surface of that body.
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i istraži oceane ispod zaleđene površine
tog tijela.
tog tijela.
06:39
And that's pretty amazing.
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I to je prilično nevjerojatno.
06:42
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jill Heinerth - Cave diverJill Heinerth explores underwater caves deep inside the earth.
Why you should listen
More people have walked on the moon than have been to some of the places that Jill's exploration has taken her right here on the earth. From the most dangerous technical dives deep inside underwater caves, to searching for never-before-seen ecosystems inside giant Antarctic icebergs, to the lawless desert border area between Egypt and Libya while a civil war raged around her, Jill's curiosity and passion about our watery planet is the driving force in her life.
Jill’s accolades include induction into the Explorer's Club and the inaugural class of the Women Diver's Hall of Fame. She received the Wyland ICON Award, an honor she shares with several of her underwater heroes including Jacques Cousteau, Robert Ballard and Dr. Sylvia Earle. She was named a "Living Legend" by Sport Diver Magazine and selected as Scuba Diving Magazine's "Sea Hero of the Year 2012."
In recognition of her lifetime achievement, Jill was awarded the inaugural Sir Christopher Ondaatje Medal for Exploration. Established by the Royal Canadian Geographical Society in 2013, the medal recognizes singular achievements and the pursuit of excellence by an outstanding Canadian explorer.
Jill Heinerth | Speaker | TED.com