ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nanfu Wang - Documentary filmmaker
Nanfu Wang uncovers untold stories about human rights in China.

Why you should listen

Nanfu Wang's Peabody Award-winning documentary, Hooligan Sparrow -- which follows maverick activist Ye Haiyan as she faces government surveillance and harassment after advocating for sexually abused schoolgirls -- was shortlisted for a 2017 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. She also directed and produced I Am Another You, winner of the Special Jury Prize at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival, and her latest film, One Child Nation, which explores the history of China's birth policy and its profound effects on generations of Chinese parents and children. It won the Grand Jury Prize at the 2019 Sundance Film Festival.

Originally from a remote village in China, Wang overcame poverty and a lack of access to formal education en route to earning three master's degrees from Shanghai University, Ohio University and New York University. She teaches editing at the School of Visual Arts as well as cinematography at New York University.

More profile about the speaker
Nanfu Wang | Speaker | TED.com
TED2019

Nanfu Wang: What it was like to grow up under China's one-child policy

Nanfu Wang: Kako je bilo odraščati pod kitajsko politiko enega otroka

Filmed:
2,722,175 views

Kitajska politika enega otroka se je končala leta 2015, a šele zdaj začenjamo razumeti, kako je bilo živeti pod tem programom, pravi TED fellow ustvarjalka dokumentarnih filmov Nanfu Wang. S posnetki iz njenega filma "One Child Nation" (Narod enega otroka) z nami deli zgodbe, ki razkrivajo zapletene posledice te politike, in razkrije potuhnjeno moč propagande.
- Documentary filmmaker
Nanfu Wang uncovers untold stories about human rights in China. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
My nameime is NanfuV mestu nanfu.
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Ime mi je Nanfu.
00:15
In Chinesekitajščina, "nanNan" meanssredstva "man."
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V kitajščini "nan" pomeni "moški".
00:18
And "fuFu" meanssredstva "pillarSteber."
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In "fu" pomeni "steber".
00:21
My familydružina had hopedupam for a boyfant,
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Moja družina je upala,
da bo dobila fantka,
00:23
who would growrastejo up
to be the pillarSteber of the familydružina.
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ki bi odrasel v steber družine.
00:27
And when I turnedobrnjen out to be a girlpunca,
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In ko se je izkazalo, da sem deklica,
00:29
they namedimenovan me NanfuV mestu nanfu anywayvseeno.
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so me vseeno poimenovali Nanfu.
00:31
(LaughterSmeh)
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(Smeh)
00:33
I was bornRojen in 1985,
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Rodila sem se leta 1985,
00:35
sixšest yearslet before ChinaKitajska announcednapovedal
its one-childenega otroka policypolitika.
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šest let preden je Kitajska
oznanila politiko enega otroka.
00:40
Right after I was bornRojen,
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Takoj po mojem rojstvu
00:43
the locallokalno officialsuradniki cameprišel
and orderednaročil my mommama to be sterilizedSterilizirane.
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so prišli lokalni uradniki
in ukazali mami, naj se sterilizira.
00:48
My grandpadedek stoodstojalo up to the officialsuradniki,
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Moj dedek se jim je uprl,
00:51
because he wanted a grandsonvnuk
to carrynositi on the familydružina nameime.
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ker si je želel vnuka,
ki bi nadaljeval družinsko ime.
00:55
EventuallySčasoma, my parentsstarši were alloweddovoljeno
to have a seconddrugič childotrok,
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Sčasoma so mojim staršem dovolili,
da imajo drugega otroka,
01:00
but they had to wait for fivepet yearslet
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a so morali počakati pet let
01:02
and payplačati a substantialbistveno fine.
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in plačati visoko kazen.
01:05
GrowingRaste up, my brotherbrat and I
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Med odraščanjem sva bila brat in jaz
01:08
were surroundedobdan by childrenotroci
from one-childenega otroka familiesdružine.
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obdana z otroki iz družin z enim otrokom.
01:13
I rememberZapomni si feelingobčutek a sensesmisel of shamesram
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Spominjam se občutka sramu,
01:16
because I had a youngermlajši brotherbrat.
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ker sem imela mlajšega brata.
01:19
I feltčutil like our familydružina did something wrongnarobe
for havingimeti two childrenotroci.
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Počutila sem se, kot da je naša družina
z dvema otrokoma storila nekaj narobe.
01:24
At the time, I didn't questionvprašanje
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Takrat se nisem spraševala,
01:25
where this sensesmisel of shamesram
and guiltkrivde cameprišel from.
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odkod prihajata moj sram in krivda.
01:31
A yearleto and a halfpol agonazaj,
I had my ownlastno first childotrok.
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Pred letom in pol sem rodila
svojega prvega otroka.
01:34
It was the bestnajboljši thing
that ever happenedse je zgodilo in my life.
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To je bila najboljša stvar,
ki se mi je v zgodila v življenju.
01:38
BecomingPostaja a mothermama
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To, da sem postala mati,
01:39
gavedala me a totallypopolnoma newnovo perspectiveperspektive
on my ownlastno childhoodotroštvo,
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mi je dalo popolnoma nov pogled
na lastno otroštvo
01:43
and it broughtprinesel back
my memoriesspomini of earlyzgodaj life in ChinaKitajska.
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in prineslo nazaj spomine
na otroštvo na Kitajskem.
01:49
For the pastpreteklost threetri decadesdesetletja,
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V zadnjih treh desetletjih
01:51
everyonevsi in my familydružina had to applyveljajo
for a permissiondovoljenje from the governmentvlada
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so morali vsi v moji družini
zaprositi vlado za dovoljenje,
01:56
to have a childotrok.
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da so lahko imeli otroka.
01:58
And I wonderedspraševal
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In spraševala sem se,
01:59
what it was like for people
who livedživel underSpodaj the one-childenega otroka policypolitika.
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kako je bilo ljudem,
ki so živeli pod politiko enega otroka.
02:04
So I decidedodločil to make
a documentarydokumentarni film about it.
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Zato sem se odločila
o tem narediti dokumentarec.
02:08
One of the people I interviewedintervjuji
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Ena od oseb, ki sem jih intervjuvala,
02:10
was the midwifebabice who delivereddostavljeno
all of the babiesdojenčki bornRojen in my villagevas,
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je bila babica, ki je bila zraven
pri vseh porodih v moji vasi,
02:16
includingvključno z myselfjaz.
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vklučno z mojim.
02:18
She was 84 yearslet oldstar
when I interviewedintervjuji her.
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Ko sem jo intervjuvala,
je bila stara 84 let.
02:22
I askedvprašal her,
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Vprašala sem jo:
02:24
"Do you rememberZapomni si how manyveliko babiesdojenčki
you delivereddostavljeno throughoutves čas your careerkariero?"
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"Se spominjate, koliko otrok
ste pomagali roditi v svoji karieri?"
02:28
She didn't have a numberštevilka for deliveriesdobave.
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Števila porodov ni poznala.
02:31
She said she had performedizvedeno
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Rekla je, da je opravila
02:34
60,000 forcedprisiljeni abortionsSplavov
and sterilizationssterilizacij.
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60 000 prisilnih splavov in sterilizacij.
02:40
SometimesVčasih, she said,
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Včasih, je rekla,
02:43
a late-termpozno obdobje fetusplod
would survivepreživeti an abortionsplav,
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je zarodek v zadnjem
trimesečju splav preživel
02:46
and she would killubiti the babyotroka
after deliveringdostava it.
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in ga je nato ubila.
02:49
She rememberedspomnil how her handsroke would trembletrepetajo
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Spominja se, kako so se ji tresle roke,
02:53
as she did the work.
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ko je opravljala to delo.
02:55
Her storyzgodba shockedšokiran me.
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Njena zgodba me je šokirala.
02:57
When I setnastavite out to make the filmfilm,
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Ko sem se odločila posneti ta film,
03:00
I expectedpričakovano it would be a simplepreprosto storyzgodba
of perpetratorsstorilci and victimsžrtve.
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sem pričakovala, da bo preprosta
zgodba o storilcih in žrtvah.
03:04
People who carriedprevažajo out the policypolitika
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Ljudje, ki so to politiko izvajali,
03:06
and people who are livingživeti
with the consequencesposledice.
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in ljudje, ki živijo z njenimi posledicami.
03:09
But that wasn'tni bilo what I saw.
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A nisem videla tega.
03:12
As I was finishingkončna obdelava
my interviewintervju with the midwifebabice,
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Ko sem zaključevala intervju z babico,
03:15
I noticedopazili an areaobmočje in her househiša
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sem opazila predel njene hiše,
03:17
that was decoratedokrašena
with elaborateizdelati homemadedoma flagszastavice.
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ki je bil okrašen z dovršenimi,
doma izdelanimi zastavami.
03:21
And eachvsak flagzastavo has a pictureslika
of a babyotroka on it.
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In na vsaki zastavi je slika otroka.
03:26
These were flagszastavice
that were sentposlano by familiesdružine
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To so bile zastave,
ki so jih poslale družine,
03:29
whomkoga she helpedpomagal treatzdravljenje
theirnjihovi infertilityNeplodnost problemstežave.
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ki jim je pomagala
pri zdravljenju neplodnosti.
03:33
She explainedpojasnil that she had had enoughdovolj
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Razložila mi je, da je imela dovolj
03:36
of performingizvajati abortionsSplavov
and sterilizationssterilizacij --
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opravljanja splavov in sterilizacij,
03:38
that the only work she did now
was to help familiesdružine have babiesdojenčki.
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da je edino delo, ki ga opravlja sedaj,
pomoč družinam imeti otroke.
03:44
She said she was fullpolno of guiltkrivde
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Rekla je, da jo muči krivda,
03:47
for carryingprenašanje out the one-childenega otroka policypolitika,
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ker je izvajala politiko enega otroka,
03:50
and she hopedupam that by helpingpomoč
familiesdružine have babiesdojenčki,
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in da upa, da bo s tem
ko pomaga družinam pri zanositvi,
03:53
she could counteractnasprotujejo
what she did in the pastpreteklost.
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lahko popravila,
kar je storila v preteklosti.
03:57
It becamepostati clearjasno to me
she, too, was a victimžrtev of the policypolitika.
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Postalo mi je jasno,
da je bila tudi ona žrtev te politike.
04:02
EveryVsak voiceglas was tellingpovedal her
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Vsi glasovi so ji govorili,
04:05
that what she did was right
and necessarypotrebno for China'sKitajske survivalpreživetje.
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da je to, kar počne, prav
in nujno za preživetje Kitajske.
04:10
And she did what she thought
was right for her countrydržava.
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In storila je, kar je mislila,
da je prav za njeno državo.
04:14
I know how strongmočno that messagesporočilo was.
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Vem, kako močno je bilo to sporočilo.
04:17
It was everywherepovsod
around myselfjaz when I grewnaraščal up.
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Med mojim odraščanjem
je bilo vse okrog mene.
04:20
It was printednatisnjeni on matchestekme,
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Bilo je natisnjeno na vžigalicah,
04:23
playingigranje cardskartice,
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igralnih kartah,
04:24
textbooksučbeniki, postersplakati.
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učbenikih, posterjih.
04:27
The propagandapropaganda praisingHvaleći
the one-childenega otroka policypolitika
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Propaganda, ki je poveličevala
politiko enega otroka,
04:29
was everywherepovsod around us.
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je bila vse okoli nas.
04:30
[AnyoneKdorkoli who refuseszavrne to sterilizeSterilizirajte
will be arrestedaretiran.]
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[Kdor se bo upiral
sterilizaciji, bo aretiran.]
04:33
And so were the threatsgrožnje
againstproti disobeyingOglušivši it.
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Prav tako so bile tu grožnje,
če ne bi ubogali.
04:35
The messagesporočilo seepedseeped into our mindsmisli
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To sporočilo se je v naš um zasidralo
04:38
so much so that I grewnaraščal up
feelingobčutek embarrassednerodno
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tako močno, da me je bilo
med odraščanjem sram,
04:41
for havingimeti a youngermlajši brotherbrat.
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da imam mlajšega brata.
04:45
With eachvsak personoseba I filmedposneto,
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Pri vseh ljudeh, ki sem jih posnela,
04:49
I saw how theirnjihovi mindsmisli and heartssrca
can be influencedvplivali by the propagandapropaganda,
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sem videla, kako je
na njihov um in srce vplivala propaganda,
04:55
and how theirnjihovi willingnesspripravljenost
to make sacrificesžrtve for the greatervečje good
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in kako se je njihova privolitev
v žrtvovanje za skupno dobro
05:00
can be twistedzvit into something
very darktemno and tragictragično.
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lahko sprevrgla
v nekaj zelo temnega in tragičnega.
05:04
ChinaKitajska is not the only placemesto
where this happensse zgodi.
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Kitajska ni edini kraj, kjer se to dogaja.
05:08
There is no countrydržava on earthZemlja
where propagandapropaganda isn't presentprisotni.
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Ni države na svetu,
kjer propaganda ne bi bila prisotna.
05:14
And in societiesdružb that are supposeddomnevno to be
more openodprto and freeprost than ChinaKitajska,
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In v družbah, ki naj bi bile
bolj svobodne in odprte kot Kitajska,
05:18
it can be even hardertežje to recognizeprepoznati
what propagandapropaganda looksizgleda like.
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je celo težje prepoznati,
kako propaganda izgleda.
05:23
It hidesskrije in plainnavaden sightpogled as newsnovice reportsporočila,
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Skrije se vsem na očeh kot poročila,
05:27
TVTV commercialsreklame, politicalpolitično campaigningkampanje
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TV reklame, politične kampanje
05:31
and in our socialsocialno mediamediji feedsviri.
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in objave na socialnih omrežjih.
05:34
It worksdela to changesprememba our mindsmisli
withoutbrez our knowledgeznanje.
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Spremeni naš um, ne da bi to vedeli.
05:40
EveryVsak societydružbo is vulnerableranljivi
to acceptingsprejemanje propagandapropaganda as truthresnica,
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V vsaki družbi obstaja možnost,
da sprejme propagando kot resnico,
05:45
and no societydružbo where propagandapropaganda
replacesNadomešča the truthresnica
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in nobena družba,
kjer propaganda zamenja resnico,
05:48
can be trulyresnično freeprost.
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ne more biti resnično svobodna.
05:50
Thank you.
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Hvala.
05:51
(ApplauseAplavz)
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(Aplavz)
Translated by Nika Kotnik
Reviewed by Klavdija Cernilogar

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nanfu Wang - Documentary filmmaker
Nanfu Wang uncovers untold stories about human rights in China.

Why you should listen

Nanfu Wang's Peabody Award-winning documentary, Hooligan Sparrow -- which follows maverick activist Ye Haiyan as she faces government surveillance and harassment after advocating for sexually abused schoolgirls -- was shortlisted for a 2017 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. She also directed and produced I Am Another You, winner of the Special Jury Prize at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival, and her latest film, One Child Nation, which explores the history of China's birth policy and its profound effects on generations of Chinese parents and children. It won the Grand Jury Prize at the 2019 Sundance Film Festival.

Originally from a remote village in China, Wang overcame poverty and a lack of access to formal education en route to earning three master's degrees from Shanghai University, Ohio University and New York University. She teaches editing at the School of Visual Arts as well as cinematography at New York University.

More profile about the speaker
Nanfu Wang | Speaker | TED.com