ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nanfu Wang - Documentary filmmaker
Nanfu Wang uncovers untold stories about human rights in China.

Why you should listen

Nanfu Wang's Peabody Award-winning documentary, Hooligan Sparrow -- which follows maverick activist Ye Haiyan as she faces government surveillance and harassment after advocating for sexually abused schoolgirls -- was shortlisted for a 2017 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. She also directed and produced I Am Another You, winner of the Special Jury Prize at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival, and her latest film, One Child Nation, which explores the history of China's birth policy and its profound effects on generations of Chinese parents and children. It won the Grand Jury Prize at the 2019 Sundance Film Festival.

Originally from a remote village in China, Wang overcame poverty and a lack of access to formal education en route to earning three master's degrees from Shanghai University, Ohio University and New York University. She teaches editing at the School of Visual Arts as well as cinematography at New York University.

More profile about the speaker
Nanfu Wang | Speaker | TED.com
TED2019

Nanfu Wang: What it was like to grow up under China's one-child policy

王男栿: 在中国的“一胎政策”下成长

Filmed:
2,722,175 views

中国的“一胎政策”结束于 2015 年,但是我们才刚刚开始理解在该政策下的生活是什么样的,TED 成员兼纪录片制作人王男栿如是说道。利用纪录片《一孩国度》的镜头,她分享了那些揭露政策复杂后果的不为人知的故事,也揭示了政策宣传的恐怖力量。
- Documentary filmmaker
Nanfu Wang uncovers untold stories about human rights in China. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
My name名称 is Nanfu南福.
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我叫男栿。
00:15
In Chinese中文, "nan" means手段 "man."
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中文里,“男”的意思是“男人”。
00:18
And "fu" means手段 "pillar支柱."
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“栿”的意思是“支柱”。
00:21
My family家庭 had hoped希望 for a boy男孩,
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我的家人希望有个男孩,
00:23
who would grow增长 up
to be the pillar支柱 of the family家庭.
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有日长大,成为家庭的支柱。
00:27
And when I turned转身 out to be a girl女孩,
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当他们发现我是个女孩时,
00:29
they named命名 me Nanfu南福 anyway无论如何.
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他们还是给我起名“男栿”。
00:31
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
00:33
I was born天生 in 1985,
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我生于 1985 年,
00:35
six years年份 before China中国 announced公布
its one-child一个小孩 policy政策.
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那时中国实行“一胎政策”已有 6 年。
00:40
Right after I was born天生,
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我出生之后,
00:43
the local本地 officials官员 came来了
and ordered有序 my mom妈妈 to be sterilized消毒.
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当地官员到我家来,
要求我母亲节育。
00:48
My grandpa爷爷 stood站在 up to the officials官员,
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我的祖父与官员起了争执,
00:51
because he wanted a grandson孙子
to carry携带 on the family家庭 name名称.
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因为他想要一个孙子来延续香火。
00:55
Eventually终于, my parents父母 were allowed允许
to have a second第二 child儿童,
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最终,我的父母
被允许再生一个孩子,
01:00
but they had to wait for five years年份
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但是他们得等五年,
01:02
and pay工资 a substantial大量的 fine.
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而且还要付很多罚款。
01:05
Growing生长 up, my brother哥哥 and I
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我和弟弟长大时身边都是
01:08
were surrounded包围 by children孩子
from one-child一个小孩 families家庭.
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一孩家庭的孩子。
01:13
I remember记得 feeling感觉 a sense of shame耻辱
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我还记得那种羞耻感,
01:16
because I had a younger更年轻 brother哥哥.
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只因为我有一个弟弟。
01:19
I felt like our family家庭 did something wrong错误
for having two children孩子.
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我觉得我的家庭
因为有两个孩子而做了错事。
01:24
At the time, I didn't question
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那时,我没有思考
01:25
where this sense of shame耻辱
and guilt有罪 came来了 from.
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这种羞耻感到底从何而来。
01:31
A year and a half ago,
I had my own拥有 first child儿童.
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一年半前,我有了
自己的第一个孩子。
01:34
It was the best最好 thing
that ever happened发生 in my life.
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这是我生命中最棒的事情。
01:38
Becoming变得 a mother母亲
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成为一名母亲
01:39
gave me a totally完全 new perspective透视
on my own拥有 childhood童年,
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给了我审视童年的全新视角,
01:43
and it brought back
my memories回忆 of early life in China中国.
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也让我回想起在中国的早期生活。
01:49
For the past过去 three decades几十年,
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过去的三十年,
01:51
everyone大家 in my family家庭 had to apply应用
for a permission允许 from the government政府
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我家里的每一个人
都得向政府申请许可,
01:56
to have a child儿童.
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才能生养一个孩子。
01:58
And I wondered想知道
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我想知道,
01:59
what it was like for people
who lived生活 under the one-child一个小孩 policy政策.
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“一胎政策”下的人们是怎样生活的。
02:04
So I decided决定 to make
a documentary记录 about it.
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所以,我决定为此拍一部纪录片。
02:08
One of the people I interviewed采访
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我采访的人中
02:10
was the midwife助产士 who delivered交付
all of the babies婴儿 born天生 in my village,
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有一位是产婆,
接生了我所在村庄的所有孩子,
02:16
including包含 myself.
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包括我。
02:18
She was 84 years年份 old
when I interviewed采访 her.
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当我采访她时,她已经 84 岁了。
02:22
I asked her,
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我问她,
02:24
"Do you remember记得 how many许多 babies婴儿
you delivered交付 throughout始终 your career事业?"
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“你记得你一共接生了多少孩子吗?”
02:28
She didn't have a number for deliveries交付.
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她没有关于接生的确切数字。
02:31
She said she had performed执行
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但她说她一共实施了
02:34
60,000 forced被迫 abortions人工流产
and sterilizations绝育.
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六万台堕胎和节育手术。
02:40
Sometimes有时, she said,
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她说道,有时,
02:43
a late-term晚期 fetus胎儿
would survive生存 an abortion流产,
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周数大的胎儿会在堕胎中幸存下来,
02:46
and she would kill the baby宝宝
after delivering交付 it.
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然后她就会在接生后杀死胎儿。
02:49
She remembered记得 how her hands would tremble颤抖
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她还记得当她做这件事的时候,
02:53
as she did the work.
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双手会不断颤抖。
02:55
Her story故事 shocked吃惊 me.
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她的故事震惊了我。
02:57
When I set out to make the film电影,
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当我开始制作这部片子时,
03:00
I expected预期 it would be a simple简单 story故事
of perpetrators肇事者 and victims受害者.
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我只预想这是个
关于罪犯和受害者的简单故事。
03:04
People who carried携带的 out the policy政策
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执行政策的人,
03:06
and people who are living活的
with the consequences后果.
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和生活在政策阴影下的人。
03:09
But that wasn't what I saw.
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但这不是我看到的。
03:12
As I was finishing精加工
my interview访问 with the midwife助产士,
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当我结束对产婆的采访时,
03:15
I noticed注意到 an area in her house
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我注意到她房子的一角
03:17
that was decorated装饰
with elaborate阐述 homemade自制 flags.
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挂满了鲜艳的锦旗。
03:21
And each flag has a picture图片
of a baby宝宝 on it.
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每张锦旗上有一个孩子的照片。
03:26
These were flags
that were sent发送 by families家庭
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这些锦旗是那些她帮助过的
03:29
whom she helped帮助 treat对待
their infertility不孕不育 problems问题.
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有不孕不育问题的家庭送来的。
03:33
She explained解释 that she had had enough足够
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她解释道,她受够了
03:36
of performing执行 abortions人工流产
and sterilizations绝育 --
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堕胎和节育手术——
03:38
that the only work she did now
was to help families家庭 have babies婴儿.
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她现在所做的只有帮助家庭怀上孩子。
03:44
She said she was full充分 of guilt有罪
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她说她因执行“一胎政策”
03:47
for carrying携带 out the one-child一个小孩 policy政策,
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而深感愧疚,
03:50
and she hoped希望 that by helping帮助
families家庭 have babies婴儿,
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并希望帮助家庭怀上孩子
03:53
she could counteract抵消
what she did in the past过去.
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能够弥补她过去的行为。
03:57
It became成为 clear明确 to me
she, too, was a victim受害者 of the policy政策.
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我清楚的意识到,她也是政策的受害者。
04:02
Every一切 voice语音 was telling告诉 her
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(那时)每个声音都告诉她
04:05
that what she did was right
and necessary必要 for China's中国的 survival生存.
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她所做的对中国的生存
是正确且必要的。
04:10
And she did what she thought
was right for her country国家.
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而她做了她认为对祖国正确的事情。
04:14
I know how strong强大 that message信息 was.
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我明白这种宣传的力度。
04:17
It was everywhere到处
around myself when I grew成长 up.
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我长大时,这种宣传无处不在。
04:20
It was printed印刷的 on matches火柴,
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这些口号被印在火柴盒上,
04:23
playing播放 cards,
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纸牌上,
04:24
textbooks教科书, posters海报.
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教科书上,海报上。
04:27
The propaganda宣传 praising赞美
the one-child一个小孩 policy政策
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赞扬“一胎政策”的宣传
04:29
was everywhere到处 around us.
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无处不在。
04:30
[Anyone任何人 who refuses拒绝 to sterilize消毒
will be arrested被捕.]
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[拒绝节育的人会被逮捕]
04:33
And so were the threats威胁
against反对 disobeying违反 it.
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同样的还有不遵守政策的后果威胁。
04:35
The message信息 seeped里透 into our minds头脑
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这种宣传渗透进了我们的思想,
04:38
so much so that I grew成长 up
feeling感觉 embarrassed尴尬
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以至于我在成长过程中因为有一个弟弟
04:41
for having a younger更年轻 brother哥哥.
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而感到羞耻。
04:45
With each person I filmed拍摄,
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在我记录的每一个人身上,
04:49
I saw how their minds头脑 and hearts心中
can be influenced影响 by the propaganda宣传,
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我看到了他们的心智
是如何被宣传影响,
04:55
and how their willingness愿意
to make sacrifices牺牲 for the greater更大 good
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以及他们主动为更大利益
而自我牺牲的意愿
05:00
can be twisted扭曲 into something
very dark黑暗 and tragic悲惨.
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是如何被抹黑和扭曲成悲剧。
05:04
China中国 is not the only place地点
where this happens发生.
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中国不是这类事情发生的唯一国度。
05:08
There is no country国家 on earth地球
where propaganda宣传 isn't present当下.
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地球上没有一个国家不存在宣传。
05:14
And in societies社会 that are supposed应该 to be
more open打开 and free自由 than China中国,
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在本该比中国更加开放和自由的社会,
05:18
it can be even harder更难 to recognize认识
what propaganda宣传 looks容貌 like.
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辨别出政策宣传甚至更难。
05:23
It hides in plain sight视力 as news新闻 reports报告,
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它隐藏在新闻报道中,
05:27
TV电视 commercials广告, political政治 campaigning竞选
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电视广告里,政治选举中,
05:31
and in our social社会 media媒体 feeds供稿.
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还有我们的社交媒体里。
05:34
It works作品 to change更改 our minds头脑
without our knowledge知识.
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它可以在我们不知情的情况下
改变我们的想法。
05:40
Every一切 society社会 is vulnerable弱势
to accepting验收 propaganda宣传 as truth真相,
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每个社会都可能
把宣传口号当作真理,
05:45
and no society社会 where propaganda宣传
replaces取代 the truth真相
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而用宣传取代真理的社会
05:48
can be truly free自由.
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是不可能真正自由的。
05:50
Thank you.
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谢谢。
05:51
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Lipeng Chen

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nanfu Wang - Documentary filmmaker
Nanfu Wang uncovers untold stories about human rights in China.

Why you should listen

Nanfu Wang's Peabody Award-winning documentary, Hooligan Sparrow -- which follows maverick activist Ye Haiyan as she faces government surveillance and harassment after advocating for sexually abused schoolgirls -- was shortlisted for a 2017 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. She also directed and produced I Am Another You, winner of the Special Jury Prize at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival, and her latest film, One Child Nation, which explores the history of China's birth policy and its profound effects on generations of Chinese parents and children. It won the Grand Jury Prize at the 2019 Sundance Film Festival.

Originally from a remote village in China, Wang overcame poverty and a lack of access to formal education en route to earning three master's degrees from Shanghai University, Ohio University and New York University. She teaches editing at the School of Visual Arts as well as cinematography at New York University.

More profile about the speaker
Nanfu Wang | Speaker | TED.com