TED Salon Brightline Initiative
Lýdia Machová: The secrets of learning a new language
莉迪亚 · 麦芙娃: 学习一门新语言的秘密
Filmed:
Readability: 3.9
7,231,347 views
你是否曾想要学习一门新的语言，但是却感到恐慌，或是无从下手？你并不需要特殊的天赋或是“语言基因”，莉迪亚 · 麦芙娃说道。在这场有趣的、发人深省的演讲中，她揭示了多语言者（能够说多种语言的人）的秘密，并且分享了能够解锁你隐藏的语言天赋的四大准则——以及如何享受学习的过程。
Lýdia Machová - Language mentor
Lýdia Machová teaches people how they can learn any language by themselves. Full bio
Lýdia Machová teaches people how they can learn any language by themselves. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
I love learning foreign languages.
0
1760
2896
我喜欢学外语。
实际上，这种痴迷让我
每两年就想学一门新的外语，
每两年就想学一门新的外语，
00:16
In fact, I love it so much that I like
to learn a new language every two years,
to learn a new language every two years,
1
4680
4056
现在我正在学第八门外语。
00:20
currently working on my eighth one.
2
8760
2096
当人们得知此事后，总是问我，
00:22
When people find that out about me,
they always ask me,
they always ask me,
3
10880
2616
“你怎么做到的？你的秘诀是什么？”
00:25
"How do you do that? What's your secret?"
4
13520
2096
说实话，这么多年来，
我的回答总是，
我的回答总是，
00:27
And to be honest, for many years,
my answer would be,
my answer would be,
5
15640
3016
“我不知道啊。我只是喜欢学语言。”
00:30
"I don't know. I simply
love learning languages."
love learning languages."
6
18680
2320
00:33
But people were never
happy with that answer.
happy with that answer.
7
21720
2256
但是人们从来都不会对
这个回答感到满意。
这个回答感到满意。
他们想知道为何他们花了多年
试着学习哪怕只有一门语言，
试着学习哪怕只有一门语言，
00:36
They wanted to know why they are spending
years trying to learn even one language,
years trying to learn even one language,
8
24000
3976
却从未达到流利的程度，
00:40
never achieving fluency,
9
28000
1536
而我却能够学了一门再学一门。
00:41
and here I come, learning
one language after another.
one language after another.
10
29560
3056
他们想知道多语言者，
00:44
They wanted to know
the secret of polyglots,
the secret of polyglots,
11
32640
2216
即说多种语言的人的秘密。
00:46
people who speak a lot of languages.
12
34880
1720
00:49
And that made me wonder, too,
13
37400
1416
我也对此感到好奇，
其他的多语言者到底是怎么做的？
00:50
how do actually other polyglots do it?
14
38840
2296
我们有什么共同点吗？
00:53
What do we have in common?
15
41160
1496
是什么让我们
00:54
And what is it that enables us
16
42680
1936
较之他人能够更快的学习语言？
00:56
to learn languages
so much faster than other people?
so much faster than other people?
17
44640
2440
00:59
I decided to meet other people
like me and find that out.
like me and find that out.
18
47880
2840
我决定见见其他像我一样的人，
并试着找寻背后的答案。
并试着找寻背后的答案。
01:03
The best place to meet a lot of polyglots
19
51760
2056
能够遇到很多多语言者的最佳地点
是聚集了数百名多语言者的地方，
01:05
is an event where hundreds
of language lovers
of language lovers
20
53840
2296
01:08
meet in one place
to practice their languages.
to practice their languages.
21
56160
2856
他们在那里进行练习。
世界各地有许多类似的多语言者活动，
01:11
There are several such polyglot events
organized all around the world,
organized all around the world,
22
59040
3296
所以我决定去看看，
01:14
and so I decided to go there
23
62360
1376
打听一下他们各自使用的方法。
01:15
and ask polyglots
about the methods that they use.
about the methods that they use.
24
63760
2440
01:19
And so I met Benny from Ireland,
25
67200
1936
我遇到了来自爱尔兰的本尼，
他告诉我他用的方法是
从第一天就开始说出口。
从第一天就开始说出口。
01:21
who told me that his method
is to start speaking from day one.
is to start speaking from day one.
26
69160
4160
01:26
He learns a few phrases
from a travel phrasebook
from a travel phrasebook
27
74240
2896
他从一本旅游指南上学了一些词组，
然后就去见母语者，
01:29
and goes to meet native speakers
28
77160
1576
立马和他们展开对话。
01:30
and starts having conversations
with them right away.
with them right away.
29
78760
2816
他不介意一天犯 200 个错误，
01:33
He doesn't mind making
even 200 mistakes a day,
even 200 mistakes a day,
30
81600
2776
因为这就是他
基于反馈的学习方式。
基于反馈的学习方式。
01:36
because that's how he learns,
based on the feedback.
based on the feedback.
31
84400
2440
01:39
And the best thing is, he doesn't
even need to travel a lot today,
even need to travel a lot today,
32
87480
3136
最棒的一点是，
如今他甚至不需要出游，
如今他甚至不需要出游，
因为你只需要呆在惬意的房间中，
01:42
because you can easily have
conversations with native speakers
conversations with native speakers
33
90640
2936
就能在网络上和母语者进行交谈。
01:45
from the comfort of
your living room, using websites.
your living room, using websites.
34
93600
2696
01:48
I also met Lucas from Brazil
35
96320
1776
我还遇到了来自巴西的卢卡斯，
01:50
who had a really interesting
method to learn Russian.
method to learn Russian.
36
98120
2480
他学习俄语的方法很有意思。
01:53
He simply added a hundred random
Russian speakers on Skype as friends,
Russian speakers on Skype as friends,
37
101200
5656
他就在 Skype 上随机添加了
上百个说俄语的人，
上百个说俄语的人，
然后打开其中一个人的聊天框，
01:58
and then he opened
a chat window with one of them
a chat window with one of them
38
106880
3896
用俄语写下“嗨”。
02:02
and wrote "Hi" in Russian.
39
110800
1440
02:05
And the person replied, "Hi, how are you?"
40
113000
2576
然后对方回复，“嗨，你好吗？”
卢卡斯了复制这段话，
再把它发给另一个人，
再把它发给另一个人，
02:07
Lucas copied this and put it
into a text window with another person,
into a text window with another person,
41
115600
4456
然后另一个人回复，
“我很好，谢谢，你怎么样？”
“我很好，谢谢，你怎么样？”
02:12
and the person replied,
"I'm fine, thank you, and how are you?"
"I'm fine, thank you, and how are you?"
42
120080
3576
卢卡斯又把这段话复制发给第一个人，
02:15
Lucas copied this
back to the first person,
back to the first person,
43
123680
2976
这样，他就让两个陌生人
在完全不知情的情况下
在完全不知情的情况下
02:18
and in this way, he had two strangers
have a conversation with each other
have a conversation with each other
44
126680
3456
展开了交谈。
02:22
without knowing about it.
45
130160
1416
（笑声）
02:23
(Laughter)
46
131600
1256
过不了多久，他就可以自己打字了，
02:24
And soon he would start typing himself,
47
132880
1896
因为他看了那么多的对话，
02:26
because he had so many
of these conversations
of these conversations
48
134800
2136
已经知道俄语的交流
大概是怎么开始的了。
大概是怎么开始的了。
02:28
that he figured out how
the Russian conversation usually starts.
the Russian conversation usually starts.
49
136960
3016
很聪明的办法，是吧？
02:32
What an ingenious method, right?
50
140000
2336
02:34
And then I met polyglots who always start
by imitating sounds of the language,
by imitating sounds of the language,
51
142360
4496
此外，我还遇到了总是从
模仿声音开始学习语言的多语言者，
模仿声音开始学习语言的多语言者，
从学习 500 个最常用词
开始的多语言者，
开始的多语言者，
02:38
and others who always learn the 500
most frequent words of the language,
most frequent words of the language,
52
146880
4416
以及总是从学习语法开始的多语言者。
02:43
and yet others who always start
by reading about the grammar.
by reading about the grammar.
53
151320
3400
02:47
If I asked a hundred different polyglots,
54
155600
2296
如果我去询问一百个多语言者，
我会听到关于学习语言方式的
一百种不同的答案。
一百种不同的答案。
02:49
I heard a hundred different
approaches to learning languages.
approaches to learning languages.
55
157920
3616
每个人似乎都对学习语言
有着独门秘笈，
有着独门秘笈，
02:53
Everybody seems to have a unique way
they learn a language,
they learn a language,
56
161560
3616
但是我们最终都能
流利的说多种语言。
流利的说多种语言。
02:57
and yet we all come to the same result
of speaking several languages fluently.
of speaking several languages fluently.
57
165200
3880
03:02
And as I was listening to these polyglots
telling me about their methods,
telling me about their methods,
58
170120
4296
当我倾听着这些多语言者
讲述他们学习语言方法的时候，
讲述他们学习语言方法的时候，
我突然意识到：
03:06
it suddenly dawned on me:
59
174440
2296
我们有一个共同点，
03:08
the one thing we all have in common
60
176760
3136
那就是我们找到了享受
学习语言这一过程的方法。
学习语言这一过程的方法。
03:11
is that we simply found ways to enjoy
the language-learning process.
the language-learning process.
61
179920
5536
所有这些多语言者
在谈论语言学习的时候，
在谈论语言学习的时候，
03:17
All of these polyglots
were talking about language learning
were talking about language learning
62
185480
2776
都表现得像那是一种趣事。
03:20
as if it was great fun.
63
188280
1256
你们应该看看当他们
03:21
You should have seen their faces
64
189560
1576
向我展示他们多彩的语法表，
03:23
when they were showing me
their colorful grammar charts
their colorful grammar charts
65
191160
2616
专心制作的语言卡片，
03:25
and their carefully handmade flash cards,
66
193800
2496
他们语言学习软件上的统计量，
03:28
and their statistics
about learning vocabulary using apps,
about learning vocabulary using apps,
67
196320
3016
甚至他们是如何爱上用外文菜谱
烧菜时，脸上自豪的神情。
烧菜时，脸上自豪的神情。
03:31
or even how they love to cook
based on recipes in a foreign language.
based on recipes in a foreign language.
68
199360
4200
03:36
All of them use different methods,
69
204680
1736
每个人都用着不同的方法，
但是他们做到了
让这件事情变成一种享受。
让这件事情变成一种享受。
03:38
but they always make sure
it's something that they personally enjoy.
it's something that they personally enjoy.
70
206440
3776
我意识到，这实际上也是
我学习语言的方式。
我学习语言的方式。
03:42
I realized that this is actually
how I learn languages myself.
how I learn languages myself.
71
210240
3896
当我学习西班牙语时，
我对书本上的文章没什么兴趣。
我对书本上的文章没什么兴趣。
03:46
When I was learning Spanish,
I was bored with the text in the textbook.
I was bored with the text in the textbook.
72
214160
3576
我想说，谁想学胡赛
03:49
I mean, who wants to read about Jose
73
217760
1736
是怎么问去火车站的路的啊。对吧？
03:51
asking about the directions
to the train station. Right?
to the train station. Right?
74
219520
3136
相反，我想读《哈利·波特》，
03:54
I wanted to read "Harry Potter" instead,
75
222680
2336
因为这是我孩童时期最喜欢的书，
03:57
because that was
my favorite book as a child,
my favorite book as a child,
76
225040
2136
而且我已经阅读了很多遍。
03:59
and I have read it many times.
77
227200
1656
所以我买了本西语版的
《哈利·波特》开始阅读，
《哈利·波特》开始阅读，
04:00
So I got the Spanish translation
of "Harry Potter" and started reading,
of "Harry Potter" and started reading,
78
228880
3616
毫无疑问，最开始我几乎什么都看不懂，
04:04
and sure enough, I didn't understand
almost anything at the beginning,
almost anything at the beginning,
79
232520
3336
但是我坚持读了下来，
因为我喜欢这本书，
因为我喜欢这本书，
04:07
but I kept on reading
because I loved the book,
because I loved the book,
80
235880
2216
直到读完此书，我基本可以
不费力的跟上故事情节。
不费力的跟上故事情节。
04:10
and by the end of the book, I was able
to follow it almost without any problems.
to follow it almost without any problems.
81
238120
4136
同样的事情也发生在我学德语的时候。
04:14
And the same thing happened
when I was learning German.
when I was learning German.
82
242280
2616
我决定看我最喜欢的电视剧
《老友记》的德语版本，
《老友记》的德语版本，
04:16
I decided to watch "Friends,"
my favorite sitcom, in German,
my favorite sitcom, in German,
83
244920
3296
同样的，最开始我基本上听不懂。
04:20
and again, at the beginning
it was all just gibberish.
it was all just gibberish.
84
248240
3096
我不知道一个单词在何处结束，
另一个单词在何处开始，
另一个单词在何处开始，
04:23
I didn't know where one word finished
and another one started,
and another one started,
85
251360
3176
但是我坚持每天观看，
因为这是《老友记》。
因为这是《老友记》。
04:26
but I kept on watching every day
because it's "Friends."
because it's "Friends."
86
254560
2656
我可以看不同的语言版本。
我太喜欢这部剧了。
我太喜欢这部剧了。
04:29
I can watch it in any language.
I love it so much.
I love it so much.
87
257240
2376
在看完两季或三季之后，
04:31
And after the second or third season,
88
259640
2016
说真的，我能渐渐听明白对话了。
04:33
seriously, the dialogue
started to make sense.
started to make sense.
89
261680
2360
04:37
I only realized this
after meeting other polyglots.
after meeting other polyglots.
90
265080
3056
在我遇到了其他多语言者之后，
我才明白这一点。
我才明白这一点。
我们不是天才，
04:40
We are no geniuses
91
268160
1576
我们也没有学习语言的捷径。
04:41
and we have no shortcut
to learning languages.
to learning languages.
92
269760
2416
我们只是找到了
享受这一过程的方式，
享受这一过程的方式，
04:44
We simply found ways
how to enjoy the process,
how to enjoy the process,
93
272200
3816
以及如何将语言学习从
一项枯燥的学校课程
一项枯燥的学校课程
04:48
how to turn language learning
from a boring school subject
from a boring school subject
94
276040
3376
转变为一项你不介意
每天都做的有趣活动。
每天都做的有趣活动。
04:51
into a pleasant activity
which you don't mind doing every day.
which you don't mind doing every day.
95
279440
3200
04:55
If you don't like writing
words down on paper,
words down on paper,
96
283520
2176
如果你不喜欢在纸上写单词，
那你可以在软件里面打单词。
04:57
you can always type them in an app.
97
285720
1696
如果你不喜欢听无聊的课程材料，
04:59
If you don't like listening
to boring textbook material,
to boring textbook material,
98
287440
2816
你总是可以在 YouTube 上或
播客里找到任何一种语言的有趣内容。
播客里找到任何一种语言的有趣内容。
05:02
find interesting content on YouTube
or in podcasts for any language.
or in podcasts for any language.
99
290280
4296
如果你是个内向的人，
05:06
If you're a more introverted person
100
294600
1696
不愿意马上就和母语者交谈，
05:08
and you can't imagine speaking
to native speakers right away,
to native speakers right away,
101
296320
3016
你总可以和自己练习对话。
05:11
you can apply the method of self-talk.
102
299360
2336
你可以在自己的房间里，
对自己说话，
对自己说话，
05:13
You can talk to yourself
in the comfort of your room,
in the comfort of your room,
103
301720
2576
描述你的周末计划，
一天过得怎么样，
一天过得怎么样，
05:16
describing your plans for the weekend,
how your day has been,
how your day has been,
104
304320
2896
甚至是从你的手机里
随便选一张照片，
随便选一张照片，
05:19
or even take a random
picture from your phone
picture from your phone
105
307240
2136
然后把它描述给你想象中的朋友。
05:21
and describe the picture
to your imaginary friend.
to your imaginary friend.
106
309400
3736
这就是多语言者学习语言的方式，
05:25
This is how polyglots learn languages,
107
313160
2496
而好消息是，这种方法对每个
05:27
and the best news is,
it's available to anyone
it's available to anyone
108
315680
2856
想要自主学习语言的人
来说，都是可行的。
来说，都是可行的。
05:30
who is willing to take the learning
into their own hands.
into their own hands.
109
318560
2680
05:34
So meeting other polyglots
helped me realize
helped me realize
110
322520
2096
所以，遇到其他的
多语言者让我意识到
多语言者让我意识到
在学习语言的过程中，
05:36
that it is really crucial
to find enjoyment
to find enjoyment
111
324640
3016
找到乐趣是十分重要的，
05:39
in the process of learning languages,
112
327680
2096
但是仅凭兴趣是不够的。
05:41
but also that joy in itself is not enough.
113
329800
3040
05:45
If you want to achieve fluency
in a foreign language,
in a foreign language,
114
333680
2736
如果你想要流利的说一门外语，
还需要遵守三大准则。
05:48
you'll also need to apply
three more principles.
three more principles.
115
336440
2480
05:51
First of all, you'll need
effective methods.
effective methods.
116
339760
2600
首先，你需要找到有效的方法。
05:55
If you try to memorize a list of words
for a test tomorrow,
for a test tomorrow,
117
343160
3416
如果你正为明天的考试复习，
要去试着记住一系列单词，
要去试着记住一系列单词，
这些单词只会被储存在
你的短期记忆里，
你的短期记忆里，
05:58
the words will be stored
in your short-term memory
in your short-term memory
118
346600
2376
而你过几天就会忘得一干二净。
06:01
and you'll forget them after a few days.
119
349000
1905
06:03
If you, however,
want to keep words long term,
want to keep words long term,
120
351400
2936
相反，如果你想长期记住单词，
就需要隔几天就复习一下，
06:06
you need to revise them
in the course of a few days repeatedly
in the course of a few days repeatedly
121
354360
2936
用所谓的间隔重复法。
06:09
using the so-called space repetition.
122
357320
2216
你可以试试基于这种方法
设计的软件，譬如 Anki 或 Memrise，
设计的软件，譬如 Anki 或 Memrise，
06:11
You can use apps which are based
on this system such as Anki or Memrise,
on this system such as Anki or Memrise,
123
359560
4256
或是在笔记本上用“黄金列表”法
写下一系列单词，
写下一系列单词，
06:15
or you can write lists of word
in a notebook using the Goldlist method,
in a notebook using the Goldlist method,
124
363840
3336
这也在许多多语言者之间十分流行。
06:19
which is also very popular
with many polyglots.
with many polyglots.
125
367200
2696
如果你不确定什么方法是有效的，
以及现在有些什么方法，
以及现在有些什么方法，
06:21
If you're not sure which methods are
effective and what is available out there,
effective and what is available out there,
126
369920
3736
那么就去看看多语言者的
YouTube 和主页，
YouTube 和主页，
06:25
just check out polyglots'
YouTube channels and websites
YouTube channels and websites
127
373680
3016
你可以从那里获得灵感。
06:28
and get inspiration from them.
128
376720
1776
如果这些方法对他们适用，
那么可能也对你适用。
那么可能也对你适用。
06:30
If it works for them,
it will most probably work for you too.
it will most probably work for you too.
129
378520
2920
06:34
The third principle to follow
130
382840
1976
你需要遵守的第三个原则
就是制定一套自己的学习体系。
06:36
is to create a system in your learning.
131
384840
2160
06:39
We're all very busy and no one
really has time to learn a language today.
really has time to learn a language today.
132
387720
4216
如今我们都很忙，没有人真正
有时间去学习一门语言。
有时间去学习一门语言。
但是如果我们事前计划一下，
就能挤出那个时间。
就能挤出那个时间。
06:43
But we can create that time
if we just plan a bit ahead.
if we just plan a bit ahead.
133
391960
3776
你可以比平时早起15分钟吗？
06:47
Can you wake up 15 minutes earlier
than you normally do?
than you normally do?
134
395760
3416
这段时间可以用来复习一些单词。
06:51
That would be the perfect time
to revise some vocabulary.
to revise some vocabulary.
135
399200
3296
你可以在开车去上班时
听一段博客吗？
听一段博客吗？
06:54
Can you listen to a podcast
on your way to work while driving?
on your way to work while driving?
136
402520
3736
这可以算是很不错的听力练习。
06:58
Well, that would be great
to get some listening experience.
to get some listening experience.
137
406280
3456
甚至不需要提前规划时间，
我们也可以做很多事情，
我们也可以做很多事情，
07:01
There are so many things we can do
without even planning that extra time,
without even planning that extra time,
138
409760
3456
比如在上班的路上或是做家务时，
07:05
such as listening to podcasts
on our way to work
on our way to work
139
413240
2656
我们可以听听播客。
07:07
or doing our household chores.
140
415920
1656
重要的是，制定一个学习计划。
07:09
The important thing is
to create a plan in the learning.
to create a plan in the learning.
141
417600
3296
“我要在每周二和每周四和朋友
07:12
"I will practice speaking
every Tuesday and Thursday
every Tuesday and Thursday
142
420920
2496
练习20分钟口语。
07:15
with a friend for 20 minutes.
143
423440
2056
吃早饭时，我要
听一段 YouTube 视频。”
听一段 YouTube 视频。”
07:17
I will listen to a YouTube video
while having breakfast."
while having breakfast."
144
425520
4416
如果你建立了自己的学习体系，
07:21
If you create a system in your learning,
145
429960
2136
就不需要挤出额外的时间，
07:24
you don't need to find that extra time,
146
432120
1896
因为这已经成为
你每日生活的一部分了。
你每日生活的一部分了。
07:26
because it will become
a part of your everyday life.
a part of your everyday life.
147
434040
2440
07:29
And finally, if you want to learn
a language fluently,
a language fluently,
148
437880
3216
最后，如果你想要
流利掌握一门语言，
流利掌握一门语言，
还需要一点耐心。
07:33
you need also a bit of patience.
149
441120
2720
07:36
It's not possible to learn
a language within two months,
a language within two months,
150
444600
2736
一个人不可能在两个月之内
就掌握一门语言，
就掌握一门语言，
但是如果你以自己喜欢的方式
每天学习一点点的话，
每天学习一点点的话，
07:39
but it's definitely possible to make
a visible improvement in two months,
a visible improvement in two months,
151
447360
3896
在两个月之内肯定可以
取得显著的进步。
取得显著的进步。
07:43
if you learn in small chunks every day
in a way that you enjoy.
in a way that you enjoy.
152
451280
3736
没有比我们自己的成功更能
07:47
And there is nothing
that motivates us more
that motivates us more
153
455040
2136
激励我们的了。
07:49
than our own success.
154
457200
1240
07:51
I vividly remember the moment
155
459120
1896
我清晰的记得，当我第一次
看懂德语版《老友记》
里面的笑话时的情形。
里面的笑话时的情形。
07:53
when I understood the first joke
in German when watching "Friends."
in German when watching "Friends."
156
461040
3680
07:57
I was so happy and motivated
157
465280
1856
我十分开心，备受鼓舞，
又忍不住多看了两集。
07:59
that I just kept on watching that day
two more episodes,
two more episodes,
158
467160
3016
随着我不断观看，
08:02
and as I kept watching,
159
470200
1736
我能看懂的片段越来越多，
这些小小的成就
这些小小的成就
08:03
I had more and more of those moments
of understanding, these little victories,
of understanding, these little victories,
160
471960
4216
积少成多，使我可以自由熟练的
08:08
and step by step, I got to a level
where I could use the language
where I could use the language
161
476200
3456
使用这个语言去表达任何事物。
08:11
freely and fluently to express anything.
162
479680
2856
这种感觉太棒了。
08:14
This is a wonderful feeling.
163
482560
1520
08:16
I can't get enough of that feeling,
164
484800
1696
这种感觉总是让我意犹未尽，
就成了我每两年
就学习一门语言的原因。
就学习一门语言的原因。
08:18
and that's why I learn
a language every two years.
a language every two years.
165
486520
2816
这也是所有多语言者的秘密。
08:21
So this is the whole polyglot secret.
166
489360
2056
找到你可以在一段时间内
系统使用的有效方法，
系统使用的有效方法，
08:23
Find effective methods
which you can use systematically
which you can use systematically
167
491440
2856
而且你还很享受这个过程，
08:26
over the period of some time
in a way which you enjoy,
in a way which you enjoy,
168
494320
3296
这就是多语言者在数月而非
数年内就能学会语言的秘诀。
数年内就能学会语言的秘诀。
08:29
and this is how polyglots learn
languages within months, not years.
languages within months, not years.
169
497640
3880
08:35
Now, some of you may be thinking,
170
503160
1616
你们中的有些人可能会想，
“享受语言学习固然美好，
08:36
"That's all very nice
to enjoy language learning,
to enjoy language learning,
171
504800
2336
但是真正的秘密
难道不是你们多语言者
难道不是你们多语言者
08:39
but isn't the real secret
that you polyglots
that you polyglots
172
507160
2536
天生就比我们
更擅长学习语言吗？”
更擅长学习语言吗？”
08:41
are just super talented
and most of us aren't?"
and most of us aren't?"
173
509720
2600
08:45
Well, there's one thing
I haven't told you about Benny and Lucas.
I haven't told you about Benny and Lucas.
174
513320
3080
先别急，关于本尼和卢卡斯，
有件事我还没说。
有件事我还没说。
08:49
Benny had 11 years of Irish Gaelic
and five years of German at school.
and five years of German at school.
175
517159
5817
本尼在学校时学习了 11 年的
爱尔兰盖德尔语和 5 年的德语。
爱尔兰盖德尔语和 5 年的德语。
而当他毕业时，却还完全不会用。
08:55
He couldn't speak them
at all when graduating.
at all when graduating.
176
523000
3216
直到 21 岁，他都认为
自己没有语言天分，
自己没有语言天分，
08:58
Up to the age of 21, he thought
he didn't have the language gene
he didn't have the language gene
177
526240
4176
也学不会其他的语言。
09:02
and he could not speak another language.
178
530440
2416
然后他开始找寻适合
自己的语言学习方式，
自己的语言学习方式，
09:04
Then he started to look
for his way of learning languages,
for his way of learning languages,
179
532880
2936
那就是和母语者交谈，
并从他们那里得到反馈，
并从他们那里得到反馈，
09:07
which was speaking to native speakers
and getting feedback from them,
and getting feedback from them,
180
535840
3856
而今天本尼可以毫不费力的
用 10 种语言进行交流。
用 10 种语言进行交流。
09:11
and today Benny can easily
have a conversation in 10 languages.
have a conversation in 10 languages.
181
539720
3960
09:17
Lucas tried to learn English
at school for 10 years.
at school for 10 years.
182
545120
3296
卢卡斯在学校学了 10 年的英语。
他是课堂上最差的学生之一。
09:20
He was one of the worst students in class.
183
548440
2616
他的朋友们甚至取笑他，
09:23
His friends even made fun of him
184
551080
1616
给了他一本俄语教材，想看他笑话，
09:24
and gave him a Russian textbook as a joke
185
552720
2616
因为他们认为他永远也不可能
学会俄语，或是任何一门外言。
学会俄语，或是任何一门外言。
09:27
because they thought he would never
learn that language, or any language.
learn that language, or any language.
186
555360
3736
然后卢卡斯开始试验其他方法，
09:31
And then Lucas started
to experiment with methods,
to experiment with methods,
187
559120
2376
寻找适合自己的学习方式，
09:33
looking for his own way to learn,
188
561520
1800
09:36
for example, by having Skype chat
conversations with strangers.
conversations with strangers.
189
564520
4176
比如，用 Skype 和陌生人聊天。
仅仅 10 年后，
09:40
And after just 10 years,
190
568720
1816
卢卡斯已经可以流利的说 11 种语言。
09:42
Lucas is able to speak
11 languages fluently.
11 languages fluently.
191
570560
3320
09:47
Does that sound like a miracle?
192
575000
1560
这听起来是不是很神奇？
09:49
Well, I see such miracles
every single day.
every single day.
193
577440
2600
如果是这样，那么
我每天都会看到类似的奇迹。
我每天都会看到类似的奇迹。
09:52
As a language mentor,
194
580760
1336
作为一名语言教师，
我帮助人们自学语言，
09:54
I help people learn
languages by themselves,
languages by themselves,
195
582120
2416
我每天都能看到奇迹发生。
09:56
and I see this every day.
196
584560
1296
09:57
People struggle with language learning
for five, 10, even 20 years,
for five, 10, even 20 years,
197
585880
4176
有些人 5 年、10 年甚至 20 年
都在语言学习中挣扎，
都在语言学习中挣扎，
然后他们突然就能够将学习
掌握在自己的手中，
掌握在自己的手中，
10:02
and then they suddenly take
their learning into their own hands,
their learning into their own hands,
198
590080
3856
开始使用他们感兴趣的材料，
更加有效的方法，
更加有效的方法，
10:05
start using materials which they enjoy,
more effective methods,
more effective methods,
199
593960
3296
或是开始记录自己的学习进度，
10:09
or they start tracking their learning
200
597280
1816
这样他们才能肯定自己的进步。
10:11
so that they can appreciate
their own progress,
their own progress,
201
599120
2936
就在这段时间，
10:14
and that's when suddenly
202
602080
1936
他们突然神奇般的找到了
自以为一直欠缺的语言才能。
自以为一直欠缺的语言才能。
10:16
they magically find the language talent
that they were missing all their lives.
that they were missing all their lives.
203
604040
4200
10:21
So if you've also tried
to learn a language
to learn a language
204
609480
2176
如果你也曾试着学习一门语言，
然后你因为它太难了，或是
10:23
and you gave up,
thinking it's too difficult
thinking it's too difficult
205
611680
2416
觉得自己没有语言天赋而放弃了，
10:26
or you don't have the language talent,
206
614120
2256
再试试吧。
10:28
give it another try.
207
616400
1536
或许你离熟练的说一门语言
只差一种合适的，
只差一种合适的，
10:29
Maybe you're also
just one enjoyable method away
just one enjoyable method away
208
617960
2856
让你乐在其中的方法。
10:32
from learning that language fluently.
209
620840
1762
10:34
Maybe you're just one method away
from becoming a polyglot.
from becoming a polyglot.
210
622960
3936
也许你离成为一名多语言者，
只差那一种方法。
只差那一种方法。
谢谢。
10:38
Thank you.
211
626920
1216
（掌声）
10:40
(Applause)
212
628160
4200
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Lýdia Machová - Language mentorLýdia Machová teaches people how they can learn any language by themselves.
Why you should listen
Lýdia Machová has learned nine languages without ever living abroad or in a multilingual environment. She maintains seven of them at a fluent level, and she usually learns a new one every two years. After meeting dozens of polyglots, or people who speak a lot of languages, she now shares the principles of language learning with the world as a language mentor.
Machová was the main organizer of the world's biggest polyglot event, the Polyglot Gathering in Bratislava, Slovakia, in 2017 and 2018. She holds a PhD in translation studies and previously worked as a professional conference interpreter. She is based in Slovakia but travels often on her mission to help people learn languages in their own ideal way.
Lýdia Machová | Speaker | TED.com