TED2018
Essam Daod: How we can bring mental health support to refugees
埃沙姆.道: 我们如何为难民提供心理健康援助
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全球难民危机是一场心理健康灾难，让数百万人需要心理健康援助来克服混乱和冲突的创伤。儿童心理健康学家，TED伙伴埃沙姆在希腊和地中海的难民营，救援船和海岸线工作，帮助难民（其中1/4是儿童）重塑他们的体验，通过简短，强大的精神干预。“我们都可以做些事情去阻止这些心理健康灾难”，道顿指出，“我们得认识到，需要急救的不仅仅是身体，心理和灵魂也应该包括在内。”
Essam Daod - Mental health specialist
Essam Doad provides first response mental health interventions to refugees and displaced populations. Full bio
Essam Doad provides first response mental health interventions to refugees and displaced populations. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
For the last two and a half years,
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在过去两年半的时间里，
00:15
I'm one of the few, if not the only,
child psychiatrist
child psychiatrist
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我是为数不多的，如果不是唯一
00:19
operating in refugee camps,
shorelines and rescue boats
shorelines and rescue boats
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在希腊和地中海的难民营，海岸线
和救援船中工作的儿童精神病学家。
00:22
in Greece and the Mediterranean Sea.
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00:25
And I can say, with great confidence,
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我可以确信地说
00:27
that we are witnessing
a mental-health catastrophe
a mental-health catastrophe
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我们正在目睹的这场心理健康灾难
将会影响我们大多数人，并改变我们的世界。
00:31
that will affect most of us,
and it will change our world.
and it will change our world.
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00:35
I live in Haifa, but nowadays,
I spend most of my time abroad.
I spend most of my time abroad.
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我住在海法，但现在我大部分时间都在海外。
00:40
During my time
on the Greek island of Lesbos
on the Greek island of Lesbos
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在希腊莱斯博斯岛的那段时间
00:43
and on the rescue boats
in the Mediterranean,
in the Mediterranean,
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以及在地中海的救援船上，
00:45
thousands of refugee boats
arrived to the shoreline,
arrived to the shoreline,
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数千艘难民船抵达海岸线，
00:48
crowded with more
than 1.5 million refugees.
than 1.5 million refugees.
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挤满多达150万的难民。
其中1/4是儿童，
00:52
One-fourth of them are children,
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00:54
fleeing war and hardship.
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他们逃离战争和苦难。
00:56
Each boat carries
different sufferings and traumas
different sufferings and traumas
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每艘船都装载着不同的痛苦和创伤，
00:59
from Syria, Iraq, Afganistan
and different countries in Africa.
and different countries in Africa.
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来自叙利亚、伊拉克、阿富汗和非洲的不同国家。
01:04
In the last three years alone,
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仅在过去三年，
01:05
more than 12,000 refugees
lost their lives.
lost their lives.
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就有超过12,000位难民死去。
01:09
And hundreds of thousands
lost their souls and their mental health
lost their souls and their mental health
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成千上万的人则失去了灵魂和精神健康，
因为这些残酷而痛苦的经历。
01:13
due to this cruel
and traumatic experience.
and traumatic experience.
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01:17
I want to tell you about Omar,
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我想告诉你们奥马尔的故事，
01:19
a five-year-old Syrian refugee boy
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一位5岁的叙利亚难民
01:21
who arrived to the shore on Lesbos
on a crowded rubber boat.
on a crowded rubber boat.
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乘坐一艘拥挤的橡皮艇抵达莱斯博斯岛的海岸。
01:26
Crying, frightened, unable to understand
what's happening to him,
what's happening to him,
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哭泣，害怕，无法理解发生了什么，
01:29
he was right on the verge
of developing a new trauma.
of developing a new trauma.
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他正处于产生新创伤的边缘。
01:33
I knew right away
that this was a golden hour,
that this was a golden hour,
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我清楚知道这是黄金时间，
01:35
a short period of time
in which I could change his story,
in which I could change his story,
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这段短短的时间可以改变他的故事。
01:39
I could change the story
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我能够改变这个
01:41
that he would tell himself
for the rest of his life.
for the rest of his life.
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余生他会告诉自己的故事。
01:43
I could reframe his memories.
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我可以重塑他的记忆。
01:47
I quickly held out my hands
and said to his shaking mother in Arabic,
and said to his shaking mother in Arabic,
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我马上伸出双手，用阿拉伯语对他颤抖的母亲说：
01:52
(Arabic) "Ateeni elwalad o khudi nafas."
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(阿拉伯语)"Ateeni elwalad o khudi nafas."
01:54
"Give me the boy,
and take a breath."
and take a breath."
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“把孩子给我，放松呼吸下”。
01:56
His mother gave him to me.
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他妈妈把他抱给我。
01:59
Omar looked at me with scared,
tearful eyes and said,
tearful eyes and said,
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奥马尔用惧怕的泪眼看着我说：
02:03
(Arabic) "Ammo (uncle in Arabic),
shu hada?"
shu hada?"
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(阿拉伯语) "Ammo (uncle in Arabic),
shu hada?"
shu hada?"
02:06
"What is this?"
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“那是什么？”
02:07
as he pointed out to the police
helicopter hovering above us.
helicopter hovering above us.
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他指着正在我们上方盘旋的直升机问。
02:12
"It's a helicopter!
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“那是直升机！
02:13
It's here to photograph you
with big cameras,
with big cameras,
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他正用大相机给你拍照呢，
02:15
because only the great
and the powerful heroes,
and the powerful heroes,
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因为只有最伟大和强大的英雄，
02:18
like you, Omar, can cross the sea."
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比如你，奥马尔，才能穿越大海。“
02:22
Omar looked at me,
stopped crying and asked me,
stopped crying and asked me,
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奥马尔看着我，停止了哭泣问我：
02:27
(Arabic) "Ana batal?"
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(阿拉伯语) "Ana batal?"
02:28
"I'm a hero?"
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“我是英雄？”
02:32
I talked to Omar for 15 minutes.
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我跟奥马尔谈了15分钟，
02:34
And I gave his parents
some guidance to follow.
some guidance to follow.
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并给他父母一些后续的指导意见。
02:37
This short psychological intervention
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这个简短的精神干预
可以减少创伤后应激障碍的患病率
02:39
decreases the prevalence
of post-traumatic stress disorder
of post-traumatic stress disorder
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以及未来的其他心理健康问题，
02:42
and other mental health
issues in the future,
issues in the future,
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02:45
preparing Omar to get an education,
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为奥马尔接受教育，
工作和抚养家庭等做好准备。
02:47
join the workforce,
raise a family and beyond.
raise a family and beyond.
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02:50
How?
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“怎么做？”
02:51
By stimulating the good memories
that will be stored in the amygdala,
that will be stored in the amygdala,
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通过刺激储存在杏仁核中的美好记忆，
02:55
the emotional storage of the human brain.
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存储在人类大脑的情感，
02:57
These memories
will fight the traumatic ones,
will fight the traumatic ones,
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这些记忆会与创伤性的记忆斗争，
02:59
if they are reactivated in the future.
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如果它们在将来被重新激活。
03:02
To Omar, the smell of the sea
will not just remind him
will not just remind him
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对奥马尔来说，大海的气息不只会让他想起
他从叙利亚过来的痛苦旅程。
03:05
of his traumatic journey from Syria.
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03:07
Because to Omar, this story
is now a story of bravery.
is now a story of bravery.
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因为对奥马尔而言，这个经历现在已经变成了勇敢的故事。
03:12
This is the power of the golden hour,
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这就是黄金时间的力量，
03:14
which can reframe the trauma
and establish a new narrative.
and establish a new narrative.
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它可以重塑创伤并建立一个新的叙述。
03:19
But Omar is only one
out of more than 350,000 children
out of more than 350,000 children
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但奥马尔只是其中一个，这场危机中没有获得
合适心理健康支援的超过35万儿童。
03:25
without the proper mental health support
in this crisis alone.
in this crisis alone.
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03:30
Three hundred and fifty
thousand children and me.
thousand children and me.
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35万儿童和我。
03:36
We need mental health professionals
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我们需要心理健康专家
在危机期间加入救援队伍。
03:38
to join rescue teams
during times of active crisis.
during times of active crisis.
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03:42
This is why my wife and I and friends
co-founded "Humanity Crew."
co-founded "Humanity Crew."
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这就是我和我的妻子和朋友
共同创立“人性救护队”的原因。
共同创立“人性救护队”的原因。
03:48
One of the few aid
organizations in the world
organizations in the world
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这个世界上少数几个
专门提供心理援助，
03:50
that specializes in providing
psychosocial aid
psychosocial aid
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03:52
and first-response
mental health interventions
mental health interventions
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并第一时间给难民和流离失所的人们
03:55
to refugees and displaced populations.
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提供心理健康干预的组织。
为给他们提供适当的干预，
03:58
To provide them
with a suitable intervention,
with a suitable intervention,
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我们创建了四步方法，一个跟随难民旅途
04:01
we create the four-step approach,
a psychosocial work plan
a psychosocial work plan
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04:04
that follows the refugees
on each step of their journey.
on each step of their journey.
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每一个环节的心理工作计划。
04:08
Starting inside the sea,
on the rescue boats,
on the rescue boats,
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从海上的救援船开始
04:12
as mental health lifeguards.
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扮演心理健康救生员的角色。
随后到难民营，医院和我们的在线诊所
04:14
Later in the camps, hospitals
and through our online clinic
and through our online clinic
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去打破国界和克服语言障碍，
04:19
that breaks down borders
and overcomes languages.
and overcomes languages.
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04:22
And ending in the asylum countries,
helping them integrate.
helping them integrate.
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最终到庇护国，帮助他们融入社会。
04:26
Since our first mission in 2015,
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自2015年首次任务以来，
04:29
"Humanity Crew" had 194 delegations
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“人性救护队”一共派出194个
04:32
of qualified, trained
volunteers and therapists.
volunteers and therapists.
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受过专业训练的志愿者和治疗师组成的代表团。
04:35
We have provided 26,000 hours
of mental health support
of mental health support
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我们提供的心理健康支持时长超过26,000小时，
服务超过10,000名难民。
04:39
to over 10,000 refugees.
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04:42
We can all do something
to prevent this mental health catastrophe.
to prevent this mental health catastrophe.
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我们都可以做点什么来防止这种精神疾病的灾难。
04:47
We need to acknowledge that first aid
is not just needed for the body,
is not just needed for the body,
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我们得承认，需要急救的不仅仅是身体，
04:52
but it has also to include
the mind, the soul.
the mind, the soul.
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心理和灵魂也应该包括在内。
对灵魂的影响是看不见的，
04:55
The impact on the soul is hardly visible,
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04:57
but the damage can be there for life.
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但对生活的损害是存在的。
05:00
Let's not forget that what
distinguishes us humans from machines
distinguishes us humans from machines
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让我们不要忘记人类与机器的区别在于
我们内在的美丽和脆弱的灵魂。
05:05
is the beautiful
and the delicate soul within us.
and the delicate soul within us.
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05:10
Let's try harder to save more Omars.
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让我们更努力去拯救更多的奥马尔。
05:13
Thank you.
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谢谢
05:14
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
05:18
(Cheers)
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（欢呼）
05:20
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Essam Daod - Mental health specialistEssam Doad provides first response mental health interventions to refugees and displaced populations.
Why you should listen
In 2015, child psychiatrist Essam Daod was a volunteer doctor on the Greek island of Lesbos, where he witnessed the unspeakable suffering and trauma of thousands of refugees arriving from the Middle East, Asia and Africa. “I left the island wondering how these people can handle all this loss and trauma without any kind of psychosocial support,” he remembers. So, Daod founded the humanitarian aid agency Humanity Crew in 2015 with his wife Maria Jammal to provide such support. With an operating base in Greece, Humanity Crew recruits, trains and deploys mental health professionals and qualified volunteers to deliver psychosocial services to refugees and displaced populations in an effort to improve refugee well-being and prevent further psychological trauma. Leading research in the field of refugee mental health, Humanity Crew ultimately hopes to raise the profile of mental health care as a fundamental aspect of emergency humanitarian crisis response.
Essam Daod | Speaker | TED.com