TED2018
Essam Daod: How we can bring mental health support to refugees
Essam Daod: Como lles podemos proporcionar apoio psicolóxico ás persoas refuxiadas
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A crise migratoria mundial supón unha catástrofe en termos de saúde mental que está a deixar a milleiros de persoas sen o apoio psicolóxico que precisan para superaren os traumas que lles ocasionan os desprazamentos e os conflitos. A fin de emendar ese dano, o psiquiatra infantil e membro de TED Essam Daod vén traballando nos campos, nos barcos de rescate e nas costas de Grecia e do mar Mediterráneo para axudar os refuxiados (un cuarto dos cales son cativos) a redefinir as súas experiencias por medio de intervencións psicolóxicas curtas que deixan unha fonda pegada. "Todos podemos facer algo para evitar esta catástrofe de saúde mental.", afirma Daod. "Temos que aceptar que non só o corpo precisa de primeiros auxilios, senón tamén a mente, a alma".
Essam Daod - Mental health specialist
Essam Doad provides first response mental health interventions to refugees and displaced populations. Full bio
Essam Doad provides first response mental health interventions to refugees and displaced populations. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
For the last two and a half years,
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Nestes últimos dous anos e medio,
00:15
I'm one of the few, if not the only,
child psychiatrist
child psychiatrist
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veño sendo un dos poucos
psiquiatras infantís, se non o único,
psiquiatras infantís, se non o único,
00:19
operating in refugee camps,
shorelines and rescue boats
shorelines and rescue boats
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que traballa nos campos de refuxiados,
na costa e nos barcos de rescate
na costa e nos barcos de rescate
00:22
in Greece and the Mediterranean Sea.
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en Grecia e no mar Mediterráneo.
00:25
And I can say, with great confidence,
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Podo dicir, e con moita seguridade,
00:27
that we are witnessing
a mental-health catastrophe
a mental-health catastrophe
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que estamos a presenciar
unha catástrofe en termos de saúde mental
unha catástrofe en termos de saúde mental
00:31
that will affect most of us,
and it will change our world.
and it will change our world.
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que nos afectará á maioría de nós
e que cambiará o mundo como o coñecemos.
e que cambiará o mundo como o coñecemos.
00:35
I live in Haifa, but nowadays,
I spend most of my time abroad.
I spend most of my time abroad.
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Eu vivo en Haifa. No entanto, hoxe en día
paso case todo o tempo no estranxeiro.
paso case todo o tempo no estranxeiro.
00:40
During my time
on the Greek island of Lesbos
on the Greek island of Lesbos
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No tempo que pasei na illa grega de Lesbos
e nos barcos de rescate no Mediterráneo,
00:43
and on the rescue boats
in the Mediterranean,
in the Mediterranean,
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00:45
thousands of refugee boats
arrived to the shoreline,
arrived to the shoreline,
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chegaron á costa
milleiros de lanchas ateigadas
milleiros de lanchas ateigadas
00:48
crowded with more
than 1.5 million refugees.
than 1.5 million refugees.
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de máis dun millón e medio de refuxiados.
00:52
One-fourth of them are children,
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Un cuarto deles son cativos
que foxen da guerra e da miseria.
00:54
fleeing war and hardship.
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00:56
Each boat carries
different sufferings and traumas
different sufferings and traumas
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Cada lancha carga
con diversos traumas e padecementos
con diversos traumas e padecementos
00:59
from Syria, Iraq, Afganistan
and different countries in Africa.
and different countries in Africa.
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desde Siria, Iraq, Afganistán
e diferentes países de África.
e diferentes países de África.
01:04
In the last three years alone,
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Só nos últimos tres anos,
01:05
more than 12,000 refugees
lost their lives.
lost their lives.
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máis de 12.000 refuxiados perderon a vida
01:09
And hundreds of thousands
lost their souls and their mental health
lost their souls and their mental health
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e centos de miles deles perderon
as súas almas e a súa saúde mental
as súas almas e a súa saúde mental
01:13
due to this cruel
and traumatic experience.
and traumatic experience.
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por mor desta experiencia
tan traumática e cruel.
tan traumática e cruel.
01:17
I want to tell you about Omar,
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Quero falarvos de Omar,
01:19
a five-year-old Syrian refugee boy
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un meniño sirio refuxiado de cinco anos
01:21
who arrived to the shore on Lesbos
on a crowded rubber boat.
on a crowded rubber boat.
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que chegou á costa de Lesbos
nunha lancha de goma atestada.
nunha lancha de goma atestada.
01:26
Crying, frightened, unable to understand
what's happening to him,
what's happening to him,
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Choraba, estaba aterrado,
non entendía o que lle estaba a pasar:
non entendía o que lle estaba a pasar:
01:29
he was right on the verge
of developing a new trauma.
of developing a new trauma.
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estaba a piques de sufrir un novo trauma.
01:33
I knew right away
that this was a golden hour,
that this was a golden hour,
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Souben decontado
que estabamos na hora de ouro,
que estabamos na hora de ouro,
01:35
a short period of time
in which I could change his story,
in which I could change his story,
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un curto período de tempo
no que eu podía cambiar a súa historia.
no que eu podía cambiar a súa historia.
01:39
I could change the story
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Podía cambiar a historia
01:41
that he would tell himself
for the rest of his life.
for the rest of his life.
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que se ía contar a si mesmo
o resto da súa vida.
o resto da súa vida.
01:43
I could reframe his memories.
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Podía redefinir as súas lembranzas.
01:47
I quickly held out my hands
and said to his shaking mother in Arabic,
and said to his shaking mother in Arabic,
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Estendín as mans axiña cara a súa nai,
que tremía, e díxenlle en árabe:
que tremía, e díxenlle en árabe:
01:52
(Arabic) "Ateeni elwalad o khudi nafas."
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(Árabe) "Ateeni elwalad o khudi nafas",
01:54
"Give me the boy,
and take a breath."
and take a breath."
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"dame o rapaz e recupera os folgos".
01:56
His mother gave him to me.
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A nai deumo.
01:59
Omar looked at me with scared,
tearful eyes and said,
tearful eyes and said,
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Omar mirou para min asustado,
cos ollos chorosos, e dixo
cos ollos chorosos, e dixo
02:03
(Arabic) "Ammo (uncle in Arabic),
shu hada?"
shu hada?"
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(Árabe) "Ammo (tío en árabe),
shu hada?",
shu hada?",
02:06
"What is this?"
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"que é iso?",
02:07
as he pointed out to the police
helicopter hovering above us.
helicopter hovering above us.
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mentres sinalaba co dedo
o helicóptero da policía enriba de nós.
o helicóptero da policía enriba de nós.
02:12
"It's a helicopter!
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"É un helicóptero!
02:13
It's here to photograph you
with big cameras,
with big cameras,
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Está aquí para fotografarte
cunhas cámaras grandes
cunhas cámaras grandes
02:15
because only the great
and the powerful heroes,
and the powerful heroes,
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porque só os heroes
máis grandes e poderosos,
máis grandes e poderosos,
02:18
like you, Omar, can cross the sea."
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coma ti, Omar, son quen de cruzar o mar".
02:22
Omar looked at me,
stopped crying and asked me,
stopped crying and asked me,
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Omar fitoume,
parou de chorar e preguntoume:
parou de chorar e preguntoume:
02:27
(Arabic) "Ana batal?"
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(Árabe) "Ana batal?",
02:28
"I'm a hero?"
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"son un heroe?"
02:32
I talked to Omar for 15 minutes.
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Falei con Omar durante 15 minutos
e deilles aos seus pais
uns consellos para seguiren.
uns consellos para seguiren.
02:34
And I gave his parents
some guidance to follow.
some guidance to follow.
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Esta breve intervención psicolóxica
02:37
This short psychological intervention
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02:39
decreases the prevalence
of post-traumatic stress disorder
of post-traumatic stress disorder
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diminúe a incidencia
do trastorno por estrés postraumático
do trastorno por estrés postraumático
02:42
and other mental health
issues in the future,
issues in the future,
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e outros problemas
de saúde mental no futuro
de saúde mental no futuro
02:45
preparing Omar to get an education,
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e prepara a Omar para estudar,
introducirse no mundo laboral,
formar unha familia e moito máis.
formar unha familia e moito máis.
02:47
join the workforce,
raise a family and beyond.
raise a family and beyond.
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Como?
02:50
How?
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Estimulando os recordos bos
que quedarán almacenados na amígdala,
que quedarán almacenados na amígdala,
02:51
By stimulating the good memories
that will be stored in the amygdala,
that will be stored in the amygdala,
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o almacén das emocións do cerebro humano.
02:55
the emotional storage of the human brain.
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02:57
These memories
will fight the traumatic ones,
will fight the traumatic ones,
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Estes recordos
loitarán contra os traumáticos
loitarán contra os traumáticos
02:59
if they are reactivated in the future.
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de se reactivaren estes últimos no futuro.
03:02
To Omar, the smell of the sea
will not just remind him
will not just remind him
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A Omar, o aroma a mar non só lle lembrará
03:05
of his traumatic journey from Syria.
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a súa traumática travesía desde Siria,
03:07
Because to Omar, this story
is now a story of bravery.
is now a story of bravery.
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porque para Omar, esta historia
tornouse nunha historia de valentía.
tornouse nunha historia de valentía.
03:12
This is the power of the golden hour,
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Ese é o poder da hora de ouro,
03:14
which can reframe the trauma
and establish a new narrative.
and establish a new narrative.
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que pode redefinir o trauma
e implantar unha perspectiva nova.
e implantar unha perspectiva nova.
03:19
But Omar is only one
out of more than 350,000 children
out of more than 350,000 children
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Porén, Omar é apenas un
dos máis de 350.000 nenos
dos máis de 350.000 nenos
03:25
without the proper mental health support
in this crisis alone.
in this crisis alone.
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que carecen dun apoio psicolóxico axeitado
só nesta crise.
só nesta crise.
03:30
Three hundred and fifty
thousand children and me.
thousand children and me.
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Trescentos cincuenta mil nenos e mais eu.
03:36
We need mental health professionals
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Precisamos profesionais da saúde mental
03:38
to join rescue teams
during times of active crisis.
during times of active crisis.
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que se unan aos equipos de rescate
nestes tempos de crise.
nestes tempos de crise.
03:42
This is why my wife and I and friends
co-founded "Humanity Crew."
co-founded "Humanity Crew."
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Por iso, a miña dona, eu e uns amigos
fundamos Humanity Crew,
fundamos Humanity Crew,
03:48
One of the few aid
organizations in the world
organizations in the world
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unha das poucas organizacións mundiais
03:50
that specializes in providing
psychosocial aid
psychosocial aid
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especializada en fornecer
apoio psicosocial
apoio psicosocial
03:52
and first-response
mental health interventions
mental health interventions
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e intervencións psicolóxicas
de resposta rápida
de resposta rápida
03:55
to refugees and displaced populations.
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a refuxiados e poboacións desprazadas.
03:58
To provide them
with a suitable intervention,
with a suitable intervention,
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Para proporcionármoslles
unha intervención axeitada,
unha intervención axeitada,
04:01
we create the four-step approach,
a psychosocial work plan
a psychosocial work plan
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creamos o enfoque das catro fases,
un plan de traballo psicosocial
un plan de traballo psicosocial
04:04
that follows the refugees
on each step of their journey.
on each step of their journey.
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que segue os refuxiados
en todos os pasos da súa viaxe,
en todos os pasos da súa viaxe,
04:08
Starting inside the sea,
on the rescue boats,
on the rescue boats,
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empezando no mar, nos barcos de rescate,
04:12
as mental health lifeguards.
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como socorristas da saúde mental;
04:14
Later in the camps, hospitals
and through our online clinic
and through our online clinic
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despois, nos campos e hospitais
e a través da nosa clínica en liña,
e a través da nosa clínica en liña,
04:19
that breaks down borders
and overcomes languages.
and overcomes languages.
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que supera as fronteiras
e as barreiras lingüísticas,
e as barreiras lingüísticas,
04:22
And ending in the asylum countries,
helping them integrate.
helping them integrate.
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e, para rematar, nos países de asilo,
onde os axudamos a se integraren.
onde os axudamos a se integraren.
04:26
Since our first mission in 2015,
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Desde a nosa primeira misión en 2015,
04:29
"Humanity Crew" had 194 delegations
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Humanity Crew creou 194 delegacións
de voluntarios e psicoterapeutas
cualificados e formados.
cualificados e formados.
04:32
of qualified, trained
volunteers and therapists.
volunteers and therapists.
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04:35
We have provided 26,000 hours
of mental health support
of mental health support
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Proporcionámoslles 26.000 horas
de apoio psicolóxico
de apoio psicolóxico
a máis de 10.000 persoas refuxiadas.
04:39
to over 10,000 refugees.
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04:42
We can all do something
to prevent this mental health catastrophe.
to prevent this mental health catastrophe.
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Todos podemos facer algo para evitar
esta catástrofe en termos de saúde mental.
esta catástrofe en termos de saúde mental.
04:47
We need to acknowledge that first aid
is not just needed for the body,
is not just needed for the body,
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Temos que aceptar que non só o corpo
precisa de primeiros auxilios,
precisa de primeiros auxilios,
04:52
but it has also to include
the mind, the soul.
the mind, the soul.
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senón tamén a mente, a alma.
04:55
The impact on the soul is hardly visible,
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O impacto na alma é apenas visíbel,
04:57
but the damage can be there for life.
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mais o dano pode durar para sempre.
05:00
Let's not forget that what
distinguishes us humans from machines
distinguishes us humans from machines
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Non esquezamos que o que nos distingue
aos humanos das máquinas
aos humanos das máquinas
05:05
is the beautiful
and the delicate soul within us.
and the delicate soul within us.
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é esa alma, fermosa e delicada,
que mora dentro de nós.
que mora dentro de nós.
05:10
Let's try harder to save more Omars.
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Traballemos arreo para salvarmos
a máis meniños como Omar.
a máis meniños como Omar.
05:13
Thank you.
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Grazas.
05:14
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
05:18
(Cheers)
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(Ovación)
05:20
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Essam Daod - Mental health specialistEssam Doad provides first response mental health interventions to refugees and displaced populations.
Why you should listen
In 2015, child psychiatrist Essam Daod was a volunteer doctor on the Greek island of Lesbos, where he witnessed the unspeakable suffering and trauma of thousands of refugees arriving from the Middle East, Asia and Africa. “I left the island wondering how these people can handle all this loss and trauma without any kind of psychosocial support,” he remembers. So, Daod founded the humanitarian aid agency Humanity Crew in 2015 with his wife Maria Jammal to provide such support. With an operating base in Greece, Humanity Crew recruits, trains and deploys mental health professionals and qualified volunteers to deliver psychosocial services to refugees and displaced populations in an effort to improve refugee well-being and prevent further psychological trauma. Leading research in the field of refugee mental health, Humanity Crew ultimately hopes to raise the profile of mental health care as a fundamental aspect of emergency humanitarian crisis response.
Essam Daod | Speaker | TED.com